英语部分倒装例句

倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard. 只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。一、 表示强调:倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。eg.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。eg. No sooner had I got home than it beg.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。eg. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。eg.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。二、 承上启下有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。eg.They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。eg. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:Out of the bosom of the Air,Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,Over the woodlands brown and bare,Over the harvest-fields forsaken,Silent, and soft, and slow,Descends the snow.在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。四、 平衡结构英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。eg.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.eg.A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。eg.On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.eg.Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。eg.Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。五、 使描写生动有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。eg.Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。eg.Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。eg.Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!eg.Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。"Stop thief! Stop thief!" There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ..."Stop thief ! Stop thief !" The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。

在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装： I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。 He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。 She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。 He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。 We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。 【注意】 (1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序： He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 (2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装： On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。 但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序： In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构： You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。 【注意】 (1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor： You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。 She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。 (2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别： "It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。” "Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式： Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句： Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。 Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。 Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。 【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词： Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词： Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。 There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。 Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。 【注意】 (1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。 (2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装： Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。 Here it comes. 它来了。 (3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)： There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。 Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词： Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。 Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。 The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。 【注意】 若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装： Away he went. 他跑远了。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装： Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。 By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 【注意】 在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较： In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。 In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装： Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。 To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。按英语习惯同，当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way are you able to do it well.  你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。 Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。 Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。 Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。 Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。 The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。 Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.  他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。 Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。 Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点，我同意你的说法。 1. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. A. she realized                                        B. she had realized C. had she realized                                  D. did she realize 2. Only after my friend came _________. A. did the computer repaired                    B. be repaired the computer C. was the computer repaired                    D. the computer was repaired 特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。如下面一题(答案选A)： _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only                  B. Just                    C. Still                    D. YetSo cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。 1. So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did find            B. did I find          C. I have found        D. have I found 2. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. so curious the couple was                  B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were              D. The couple was such curious 3. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. _________ yesterday. A. So was it            B. So it was            C. So it is              D. So is it 特别说明： (1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。如： You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。 She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。 请看考题(答案选D)： Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________. A. so does John                            B. John does too C. John doesn’t too                        D. nor does John (2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。如： “It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。” 请看考题(答案分别为CD)： 1. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_________, and so did I. A. So she had        B. So had she    C. So she did        D. So did she 2.—Father, you promised! —Well, _________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. A. so was I            B. so did I          C. so I was          D. so I did在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语＋谓语动词＋主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如： On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。 On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。 Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。 Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。 Such is the result. 结果就是这样。 Such are the results. 这就是结果。here 和 there 之后以及诸如 back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词之后，名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如 come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。如： Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时) Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑了起来。 当我们给人东西或确定位置时，这种倒装常用在be之后(主语往往是复数)。如： Here’s a cup of tea for you. 给你一杯茶。(给东西) Here’s your letters. 这儿有你的信。(给与或指明) There’s (重读) Johnny smith. 约翰尼·史密斯在那儿。(确定位置) 主语如是代词则不倒装。如： Here it comes. 它来了。 There she goes. 她走了。 Up it went. 它上去了。 Here you are. 给你。 There she is. 她在那儿。地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词 (如come, go, rise)，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如： At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。 In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。 别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。 In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。 主语如是代词则不能倒装： At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。否定或近似否定副词(往往是时间或频度副词，如never, rarely, seldom)，或是具有否定作用的副词，如 little, on no account 等。如： Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb.  这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动从未 / 很少 / 有过。 Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他对这个会议的重要性不甚了了。 On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要给你钱，你可绝不能接受。 当这种副词不在句首时，当然应该用正常词序： There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 从未 / 很少发生过这么强烈的反对原子弹的抗议活动。 He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。 另外，有些含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后也要用倒装。如： In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。 On no condition should we tell her about it. 我们绝不能把此事告诉她。 On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝 不能触摸的。 In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。 Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。 No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了。not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的分句不用倒装。如： Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。 Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语，还会打字呢。 Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。 Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。 Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。so / neither / nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，其句型是：so / neither / nor+特殊词+主语。使句此句型需注意以下几点：①内容是肯定时，用so，内容是否定时，用neither或nor；②“特殊词”与前句中的情态动词、助动词或be相同，或根据前句的时态，用do, does, did；③“特殊词”的人称和数与其后的主语一致；④“特殊词”本身没有否定形式。如： You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。 She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。 If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。 You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。 She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。在so... that…结构中，若将so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒装。如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。 So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了，一个小时都动弹不得。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 类似地，当such…that…结构的such…置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。如： Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如： By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。 At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。 Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。 By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。 At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。如： Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。 Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门。 Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。 Hard as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。 Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如： Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。 Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。 To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。

英语倒装句是为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式。

英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。英语倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装，完全倒装（Full Inversion)即为谓语部分完全放在主语之前，如：Now comes your turn；部分倒装（Partial Inversion)即把助动词、情态动词、be动词置于主语之前。

英语倒装句的例句

1、Not only did he come,but also he brought us good news.

他不但来了，而且给我们带来了好消息。

2、Only Li Lei can answer this question.

只有李蕾能回答这个问题。

3、May you have a good journey.

祝你旅途愉快。