厄尔尼诺英文课件

El Ni·ño A warming of the ocean surface off the western coast of South America that occurs every 4 to 12 years when upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water does not occur. It causes die-offs of plankton and fish and affects Pacific jet stream winds, altering storm tracks and creating unusual weather patterns in various parts of the world.你要是不烦多就看这个El Niño In general, an invasion of warm water into the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Ecuador, with a return period of 4–7 years. El Niño events come in various strengths: weak, moderate, strong, very strong, and extraordinary. The size of an El Niño event can be determined using various criteria: the amount of warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific from their average condition; the areal extent of that warm water anomaly; and the length of time that the warm water lingers before being replaced by colder-than-average sea surface temperatures in this tropical Pacific region.Under normal conditions the winds blow up the west coast of South America and then near the Equator turn westward to Asia. The surface water is piled up in the western Pacific, and the sea level there is several tens of centimeters above average while the sea level in the eastern Pacific is below average. As the water is pushed toward the west, cold water from the deeper part of the ocean along the Peruvian coast wells up to the surface to replace it. This cold water is rich with nutrients, making the coastal upwelling region along western South America among the most productive fisheries in the world. See also Upwelling.Every 4–7 years those winds tend to die down and sometimes reverse, allowing the warm surface waters that piled up in the west to move back toward the eastern part of the Pacific Basin. With reduced westward winds the surface water also heats up. Sea level drops in the western Pacific and increases in the eastern part of the basin. El Niño condition can last for 12–18 months, sometimes longer, before the westward flowing winds start to pick up again. Occasionally, the opposite also occurs: the eastern Pacific becomes cooler than normal, rainfall decreases still more, atmospheric surface pressure increases, and the westward winds become stronger. This irregular cyclic swing of warm and cold phases in the tropical Pacific is referred to as ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation).El Niño is considered to be the second biggest climate-related influence on human activities, after the natural flow of the seasons. Although the phenomenon is at least thousands of years old, its impacts on global climate have only recently been recognized. Due to improved scientific understanding and forecasting of El Niño's interannual process, societies can prepare for and reduce its impacts considerably. See also Climatology; Maritime meteorology; Tropical meteorology.Numerical models that couple the atmosphere to the ocean have been used to successfully predict the sea surface temperature of the tropical Pacific a year or so in advance. The basic reason that the cycle is predictable is that ENSO evolves slowly and regularly. If the initial state of the atmosphere-ocean system can be characterized accurately, the classification of this state in the ENSO sequence is made (even if it is not completely recognizable in each system separately), and the future evolution of the cycle can be predicted.

厄尔尼诺）又称厄尔尼诺海流，是太平洋赤道带大范围内海洋和大气相互作用后失去平衡而产生的一种气候现象，就是沃克环流圈东移造成的。正常情况下，热带太平洋区域的季风洋流是从美洲走向亚洲，使太平洋表面保持温暖，给印尼周围带来热带降雨。但这种模式每2—7年被打乱一次，使风向和洋流发生逆转，太平洋表层的热流就转而向东走向美洲，随之便带走了热带降雨，出现所谓的“厄尔尼诺现象”。El Nino) also known as El Nino ocean currents, the equatorial Pacific Zone within a wide range of Oceanic and atmospheric mutual effect after loss of balance caused by a climate phenomenon is Walker circulations are eastward caused. Under normal circumstances, the monsoon currents of the tropical Pacific region is from America to Asia, so that the surface of the Pacific to keep warm, to bring the tropical rainfall around Indonesia. But this model every 2 - 7 years is disrupted a, the winds and currents reversed, Pacific ocean surface heat flow to turn to the east to America, immediately and then take the tropical rainfall, called "El Nino phenomenon."

厄尔尼诺现象又称厄尔尼诺海流，是太平洋赤道带大范围内海洋和大气相互作用后失去平衡而产生的一种气候现象，就是沃克环流圈东移造成的。厄尔尼诺现象的基本特征是太平洋沿岸的海面水温异常升高，海水水位上涨，并形成一股暖流向南流动。它使原属冷水域的太平洋东部水域变成暖水域，结果引起海啸和暴风骤雨，造成一些地区干旱，另一些地区又降雨过多的异常气候现象。 厄尔尼诺对我国气候产生严重影响。首先是台风减少，厄尔尼诺现象发生后，西北太平洋热带风暴（台风）的产生个数及在我国沿海登陆个数均较正常年份少。 其次是我国北方夏季易发生高温、干旱，通常在厄尔尼诺现象发生的当年，我国的夏季风较弱，季风雨带偏南，位于我国中部或长江以南地区，我国北方地区夏季往往容易出现干旱、高温。1997年强厄尔尼诺发生后，我国北方的干旱和高温十分明显。 第三是我国南方易发生低温、洪涝，在厄尔尼诺现象发生后的次年，在我国南方，包括长江流域和江南地区，容易出现洪涝，近百年来发生在我国的严重洪水，如1931年、1954年和1998年，都发生在厄尔尼诺年的次年。我国在1998年遭遇的特大洪水，厄尔尼诺便是最重要的影响因素之一。 最后，在厄尔尼诺现象发生后的冬季，我国北方地区容易出现暖冬。（我只会中文，不好意思了。）

厄尔尼诺（西班牙语：El Niño），又称圣婴现象，与另一现象南方涛动合称为ENSO。是秘鲁、厄瓜多尔一带的渔民用以称呼一种异常气候现象的名词。 主要指太平洋东部和中部的热带海洋的海水温度异常地持续变暖，使整个世界气候模式发生变化，造成一些地区干旱而另一些地区又降雨量过多。