章鱼简介英文

章鱼 章鱼跟乌贼一样，也是属于头足类的动物，因为它的脚也是生在头顶上的。不过它只有八只脚，而没有像乌贼那样专门用来捕捉食物的捉脚。它的八只脚很长，好像八条带子，所以渔民们都把它叫作“八带鱼”。章鱼也是很凶猛的动物。所有的章鱼都是肉食者,在它的脚上长有吸着力很强的大吸盘。如果我们捉到一个小章鱼，把它拿在手里，它马上就会用吸盘吸住我们的手，要想把它取下来还很费力呢！章鱼的身体里面也有墨囊，而且所含的墨汁也是含有毒素的，不但可以用来防御敌人，而且还可以用来进攻敌人。一件很有趣的事实是，章鱼在休息的时候，并不是全身一齐休息，而是留有一条或两条长脚值班，不停地转动。尽管它的身体和其他的脚感觉都比较迟钝了，但是，如果轻微地触动到它的值班脚，章鱼就会立刻跳起来，并释放出浓厚的墨汁，把自己隐藏起来。因为章鱼具有强有力的脚和吸盘，又有很好的防御工具，所以在海洋里和它相同大小的动物都会受到它的侵害。就连最大的、装备最好的螯虾身体的大小虽然和章鱼差不多，但也难免要成为它的牺牲品。章鱼的肉很肥厚，也是优良的海产食品。

章鱼（英文名octopus），属于软体动物门头足纲八腕目，章鱼科章鱼属（Octopoda）。因其头上长有八腕，且腕间有膜相连，长短不一，腕上具有2行无柄的吸盘，吸盘无柄，所以称作“八腕类”。是海洋动物。外形特征：全世界章鱼的种类约有650种，它们的大小相差极大。章鱼体呈短卵圆形，囊状，无鳍；头与躯体分界不明显，章鱼的头胴部约7～9.5厘米，头上有大的复眼及8条可收缩的腕。每条腕均有两排肉质的吸盘，短蛸的腕长约12厘米，长蛸的腕长约48.5厘米，真蛸的腕长约32.5厘米。平时用腕爬行，有时借腕间膜伸缩来游泳，能有力地握持他物，用头下部的漏斗喷水作快速退游。腕的基部与称为裙的蹼状组织相连，其中心部有口。口有一对尖锐的角质腭及锉状的齿舌，用以钻破贝壳，刮食其肉。

最熟知的章鱼是普通章鱼(O. vulgaris)，体型中等，广泛分布於世界各地热带及温带海域，栖于多岩石海底的洞穴或缝隙中，喜隐匿不出。该种被认为是无脊椎动物中智力最高者，具有高度发达的含色素的细胞，能极迅速地改变体色。

最小的章鱼是乔木状章鱼（O. arborescens），长约5公分（2寸），而最大的可长达5.4公尺（18尺），腕展可达9公尺（30尺）。乔木状章鱼很有力气，腕手上直径为2.5毫米左右的一个吸盘可吸住48克重的物体，身长1.5－2米的章鱼，吸盘直径约为6毫米，吸重力为100多克。它们往往能拖采超过自身重5倍、10倍、甚至20倍的大石块。

章鱼不仅可连续六次往外喷射墨汁，而且还能够像最灵活的变色龙一样，改变自身的颜色和构造，变得如同一块覆盖着藻类的石头，然后突然扑向猎物，而猎物根本没有时间意识到发生了什么事情。章鱼能利用灵活的腕足在礁岩、石缝及海床间爬行，有时把自己伪装成一束珊瑚，有时又把自己装扮成一堆闪光的砾石。澳洲墨尔本大学的马克·诺曼，在1998年于印尼苏拉威西岛附近的河口水域发现一种章鱼能迅速拟态成海蛇、狮子鱼及水母等有毒生物，避免攻击。

Octopus is the general name of 252 Marine mollusks in 26 genera of the octopus family.

（章鱼为章鱼科26属252种海洋软体动物的通称。）

It is the largest family of the class cephalopods, which can be divided into the subfamily ameloptera, ameloptera, ameloptera and ameloptera.

（为头足纲最大科，可分为深海多足蛸亚科、爱尔斗蛸亚科、谷蛸亚科和蛸亚科。）

The body is ovate or ovoid, muscular and muscular, with a narrow opening in the outer cavity and no water holes on the body surface.

（体卵形或卵圆形，肌肉强健，外套腔开口窄，体表一般不具水孔。）

Male left or right third carpal stemization, carpal ventral margin with spermatic groove, terminal with ladle-like tongue leaf.

（雄性左侧或右侧第3腕茎化，腕腹缘具精沟，末端具勺状舌叶。）

The stem of the wrist can not be broken by itself. Funnel jacket lock degradation.

（茎化腕不能自断。漏斗外套锁退化。）

With 1 pair of degenerate acicular inner shells or without inner shells.

（具1对退化针状内壳或无内壳。）

If have dentate tongue, flank tooth of dentate tongue general one cusp.

（若具齿舌，齿舌侧齿一般单尖。）

The stomach and cecum are located behind the digestive glands.

（胃和盲肠位于消化腺后部。）

扩展资料

章鱼栖息环境：章鱼为温带性软体动物，生活在水下，适应水温不能低于7℃，海水比重1.021最为适宜，低盐度的环境会死亡。

海区的底质最好为砂砾地带，水温在12℃以上周年能产卵，孵化后仔鱼全长3毫米左右，能摄食大型动物性浮游生物而成长，45天之后全长达10-13毫米时，沉降于海底营底栖生活，如果没有陶瓷瓦罐海螺贝壳可作居室时，便自己动手建造房屋。

参考资料来源：百度百科-章鱼

Octopuses are characterized by their eight arms (as distinct from the tentacles found in squid and cuttlefish), usually bearing suction cups. These arms are a type of muscular hydrostat. Unlike most other cephalopods, the majority of octopuses – those in the suborder most commonly known, Incirrina – have almost entirely soft bodies with no internal skeleton. They have neither a protective outer shell like the nautilus, nor any vestige of an internal shell or bones, like cuttlefish or squid. A beak, similar in shape to a parrot's beak, is the only hard part of their body. This enables them to squeeze through very narrow slits between underwater rocks, which is very helpful when they are fleeing from morays or other predatory fish. The octopuses in the less familiar Cirrina suborder have two fins and an internal shell, generally reducing their ability to squeeze into small spaces.Octopuses have a relatively short life expectancy, and some species live for as little as six months. Larger species, such as the North Pacific Giant Octopus, may live for up to five years under suitable circumstances. However, reproduction is a cause of death: males can only live for a few months after mating, and females die shortly after their eggs hatch. They neglect to eat during the (roughly) one month period spent taking care of their unhatched eggs, but they don't die of starvation. Endocrine secretions from the two optic glands are the cause of genetically-programmed death (and if these glands are surgically removed, the octopus may live many months beyond reproduction, until she finally starves).Stauroteuthis syrtensis, a finned octopus of the suborder CirrinaOctopuses have three hearts. Two pump blood through each of the two gills, while the third pumps blood through the body. Octopus blood contains the copper-rich protein hemocyanin for transporting oxygen. Although less efficient under normal conditions than the iron-rich hemoglobin of vertebrates, in cold conditions with low oxygen pressure, hemocyanin oxygen transportation is more efficient than hemoglobin oxygen transportation. The hemocyanin is dissolved in the plasma instead carried within red blood cells and gives the blood a blue color. Octopuses draw water into their mantle cavity where it passes through its gills. As mollusks, octopuses have gills that are finely divided and vascularized outgrowths of either the outer or the inner body surface.

The octopus (pronounced /ˈɒktəpəs/, from Greek ὀκτάπους (oktapous), "eight-footed",[1][2] with plural forms: octopuses [ˈɒktəpʊsɪz], octopi [ˈɒktəpaɪ], or octopodes [ˌɒkˈtəʊpədiːz], see below) is a cephalopod of the order Octopoda that inhabits many diverse regions of the ocean, especially coral reefs. The term may also refer to only those creatures in the genus Octopus. In the larger sense, there are around 300 recognized octopus species, which is over one-third of the total number of known cephalopod species.An octopus has eight flexible arms, which trail behind it as it swims. Most octopuses have no internal or external skeleton, allowing them to squeeze through tight places. An octopus has a hard beak, with its mouth at the center point of the arms. Octopuses are highly intelligent, probably the most intelligent invertebrates. They are known to build "forts" and "traps" in the wild, and for rearranging tanks and burying other animals alive in domestication[citation needed]. For this reason, they are quite notorious among aquarium operators.[3] For defense against predators, they hide, flee quickly, expel ink, or use color-changing camouflage. Octopuses are bilaterally symmetrical, like other cephalopods, with two eyes and four pairs of arms.