足疗沙发厂家
你听错了或者理解错了,英语句子必须要有谓语动词,没有谓语动词的一组词即使有点意思也只能是短语。“无事生非”在英语语法中没有这种说法,真不知道你是而从那里学来这些莫名其妙的东西!按照表示的意思,英语动词可分为三大类:1。verb to be 动词“是”: am、are 、is、was 、were (be)2。verb to have 动词“有” have、 has 、had3。verb to do 动词“做” see、here、write、read、run、come、go、walk、study… 这类动词的数量占总量的99。9%以上。这三类动词是谓语动词的核心组成部分,它们可以单独作谓语动词,另外还有助动词和情态动词,它们只可以配合前面提到的三类动词构成动词的各种时态和语态,但都不能单独作谓语动词。如: I get up at six early in the morning。 The students go to school by bus 。 He will leave for Beijing next week。 ……………………………………我想这些你都是知道的,为了答复你才多说了几句,我只想把“无事生非”改成“无谓语动词非句子”。而作为完整的句子除了谓语动词外,还应有主语以及与其相关宾语、补语、状语 …。
梦中的纸马
英语中的句子成分
导语:一说起句子,大家可能都会想到,句子有什么难的,把单词罗列到一起,按照相应的语法规则进行排列和词形变换,能够表达出自己想要说的内容含义,不就是一个句子了嘛。话是这么说,可是关于句子的知识,我们又掌握了多少呢?下面我们就从几个方面,来全方位的进行扫盲,让我们重新认识下在高中阶段,我们所能学到的有关于句子的相关知识。
一、最重要的句子成分。
到目前为止,好多学生在已经学过了9年英语后,还分不清英语中的句子成分。这样会在高中进行句子成分分析时,造成弄不懂成分,从而不能正确理解句子含义以及判断句子成分。或者是在做题时由于句子成分分析不恰当,不能够选择出正确的答案。下面,我们就对在英语中所出现的各种句子成分进行说明
1.主语Subject
Ilike English.I 就是主语。
所谓的主语,就是一句话的中心,主题,或者是动作的发出者,最简单的记忆方法,句子的主语就是位于动词前的那个词。
都有哪些词能充当句子的主语呢?分别为名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语从句。(n./ pron./ num./ infinitive/ gerund/ subject clause)
e.g.
N.Leois a good English teacher.
Pron.Heis very handsome and humorous.
Num.Sixis his lucky number.
Infinitive.To teach English wellis his life goal.
Gerund.Teaching students English betteris also his gaol.
Subject CLause.That he loves Englishis known by all of peopel.
2. 谓语 Predicate
I like English. like 就是谓语。
所谓的谓语,就是句子中的动词,一个英语的句子中必须要有一个谓语动词。在英语中动词分为两类,一类为实义动词,我们用do来代替,一类为系动词,用be来代替.同时在系动词这一部分,我们还引入了半系动词的含义,及有些动词既可以做实义动词,也可以当作系动词使用。比如说感官动词(feel, look, taste, smell)等。
IteachEnglish. teach表达具体的含义,就为实义动词。
Iaman English teacher. am 就是系动词。
The flower smells good.
3. 宾语 Object
I like English. English就是宾语。
所谓的宾语,就是在实义动词后的成分,就是这个动作的承受者,表达这个动作的结果。简单点说,所谓的宾语就是在实义动词后面的.那个词。那么都有哪些词可以充当句子的宾语成分呢?分别为名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句(n./ pron./ num./ infinitive/ gerund/ object clause)也就是说,能放在动词前面的,也能放在动词的后面。
e.g.
N. Leo teachesEnglish.
Pron. He is always ready to helpothers.
Num. We don't need so many people. We only needsix.
Infinitive. Rememberto let your child love English.
Gerund. Please stopblaming your children.
Object Clause. Do you understandwhat I mean?
4. 表语 Predicative
I am an English teacher. an English teacher就是表语。
所谓的表语,就是在系动词Be后面的成分。在句子中用来表明主语的状态,身份,性格,特征,类属等。简单点说,表语就是系动词后面的内容。可以由以下几类词来充当表语:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词及介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、表语从句等。(n./ pron./ num./ adj./ adv./ prep./ infinitive./ gerund/ participle/ predicative clause)
e.g.
N. I am ateacher.
Pron. My wife is someone important in my life.
Num. My lucky number is six.
Adj. You are beautiful.
Adv. Class was over al last.
Prep. They are at work now.
The book is on the desk.
Infinitive. My job is to teach English.
Gerund. My job is teaching English.
Participle. The book is interesting.
I am surprised to see you here.
Predicative Clause. The fact is that you can learn English well.
以上四种句子成分为一个完整的英文句子中必须要有的内容,所以在写完一个句子后,我们要看一下,动词有没有,有几个,正常情况下应该是一句话只有一个动词,我们是按照动词的个数来查句子个数的。(没有连词的情况下)动词前后是不是也有相应的成分。如果有,则句子的书写是正确的,如果没有,看看少了什么,该怎么加进去。
5. 定语 Attributive
This is a red apple. red 就是定语。
所谓的定语,就是用来修饰句子中的名词或代词的,起限定修饰作用的句子成分。定语分为两类,前置定语和后置定语,放在修饰词前面的就是前置,放在后面的就是后置。可以由以下几类词来充当定语:名词、形容词、代词、数词、动名词、分词、不定式、副词、介词、定语从句(n./ adj./ pron./ num./ gerund/ participle/infinitive/ adv./ prep./ attributive clause)等。
e.g.
N. This is my school bag. 名词做定语通常用来表示用途。
Adj. My wife is a beautiful woman. 形容词做定语通常表示状态,属性等。
I have something interesting to tell you. 修饰不定代词时,后置
Pron. Put up your hands and follow my step. 通常为形容词型物主代词来做定语。
Num. She cut the cake into two pieces.
Gerund. I need a walking stick. 动名词做定语表示用途。
Participle. You should adapt to the changing situation.
The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 单个的分词做定语前置。
I like the meal cooked by my mum.
There is a man asking to see you. 分词短语作定语后置。
Infinitive. Let's try another way to do this.
Adv. The buildings around were badly damaged.
Prep. The books on the desk are bought for my son.
Attributive Clause. He lost the pen that he bought last week.
6. 状语。Adverbial
I like English very much. very much就是句子中的状语。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分。在英语中有十种状语,分别为时间,地点,方式,比较,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,程度。充当状语的有:名词、副词、形容词、介词及短语、不定式、分词及状语从句等(n./ adv./ adj./ prep./ infinitive/ participle/ adverbial clause)。
e.g.
N. I went to Shanghai last month.
Adv. He rans very fast.
Put you coat here.
Adj. I went home late, tired and hungry.
Prep. Don't step on the grass.
Infinitive. To study English well, you should do much exercises.
Participle. Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge water covered globe.
The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his arms.
Adverbial Clases. If you want to study English well, you should do much exercises.
7. 补语 Complement
I found English usuful. usuful 就是补语。
所谓的补语,就是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明宾语的叫做宾语补足语,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语。补语什么时候会出现,跟动词的选择有关。以下几类词可以做补语:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式和分词(n./ adj./ adv./ prep./ infinitive/ participle)等。
N. We all call him Leo.
Adj. We all find English usuful.
Adv. Will you please invite all of them in?
Prep. These things should be kept in the box.
Infinitive. The mother didn't allpwed her daughter to go out alone at night.
Participle. He was once again found wandering along the city street.
When he arrived, he found all the people gone.
8. 同位语 Appositive
He, leo is an English teacher. Leo就是同位语。
所谓的同位语,是对句子中某一成分作进一步的解释说明,与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。常位于被说明的词后。可由
名词、代词、数词及同位语从句(n./pron./num./appositive clause)等来充当。
N. We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American.
Pron. They each can get a chance to travel by air.
Num. Are you three ready to start out?
Appositive Clause. The fact that Enlish is very important is known by more and more people.
以上四种句子成分虽然说不是在一个句子里必须出现的,但是为了我们的表意清楚,是应该加上一些限定的,所以这四种句子成分的出现会让我们的句子表述更加清晰明确。因此,在写作的过程中,我们应该注意多把这四种句子成分加入到我们的写作中。
9. 插入语
Nobody knows it, I say, nobody. I say就是插入语。
所谓的插入语,就是有一个词或短语甚至可以是一个句子来充当,作为一个补充说明或想法的表达。通常前后都有“,”隔开,或是用括号标记。
插入语不作为句法中的考查成分,但是有时候插入语会干扰我们对于句子成分的分析判断,所以,在涉及有插入语的句子成分时,可以把它删掉,并不影响我们对于整个句子的理解。
10. 呼语
Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell.
You, stand up!
慵懒安静的阳光
初学英语时会用到be动词,“是”,以后会慢慢过渡到用实义动词,那时就不用“是”了。你说的Which boy?有上下文的,是个省略句,可根据上下文补充完整,如Which boy is your brother?
快到碗里吧吧吧
其实不光是英语,我们中文也有这类划分的。 1.首先从最简单的主谓宾结构了。比如 I love you. 其中, I 是主语,动作的施动者。love是谓语。谓语是“行为”动词或者动词性词组。you是宾语。也就是动作的接受者。 2.表语一般是在“BE“动词、“系”动词后面的内容。 比如:Your dress is very beautiful. 这里very beautiful就是表语。I'm a teacher.这里的teacher是表语。You seems unhappy.这里,seem(看起来之意)是系动词,所以unhappy就是表语。 3. 定语的话就是修饰名词(也就是主语或宾语)的单词或者词组。位置可以是在名词前面或者后面 在名词前面的例子:【Your large beautiful】 eyes are very attractive. 。【你那漂亮的大】眼睛很迷人。 在名词后面的例子: The book【on the table】is mine.【桌子上的】书是我的。 4. 状语是修饰谓语或者对句子内容的补充。一般是介词+名词结构或者干脆一个分句子。 1. I will meet you [at 8am in the office]. at 8am 和in the office就是状语,是介词加名词结构。 2.[When I was having lunch,] the telephone rang. 当我在吃中饭的时候,电话铃响了。当。。。的时候其实也是表示对事情发生的时间的描述。 5. 补语的话,我不敢说。我翻了一下字典,字典上的解释来看就是表语。不过,我个人印象里面由于补语还包括补足语,所以至少比表语多一个用法。 I ask him [to turn on the light]. 我叫他开灯。开灯是宾语him的补足语。
香城宝地邑人
正好有个资料给你一.主语: 主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1.名词作主语。A tree has fallen across the road. 2.代词用作主语。 You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。 3.数词用作主语。 Three is enough. 三个就够了。 4.名词化的形容词用作主语。 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 5.副词用作主语。 Now is the time. 现在是时候了。 6.名词化的介词作主语。 The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 7.不定式用作主语。 To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 8.动名词用作主语。 Smoking is bad for you. 9.名词化的过去分词用作主语。 The disabled are to receive more money. 10. 介词短语用作主语。 To Beijing is not very far. 11. 从句用作主语。Whenever you are ready will be fine. 12. 句子用作主语。 "How do you do ?" is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。 二.谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。 1.由简单的动词构成。What happened? 发生了什么事? 2.由动词短语构成的谓语。I am reading. 我在看书。 3.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词,表生动。 这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如: (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水 三.表语 表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中,联系动词只是形式上的谓语,真正起谓语作用的则是表语。 可以作表语的词有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。 1.The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。(名词) 2.So that’s that. 就是这样。(代词) 3.We are seven. 我们一共7人。(数词) 4.Are you busy? 你有空吗?(形容词) 5.Are you there? 你在听吗?(电话用语)(副词) Is anybody in? 里面有人吗? (副词) 6.All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。(不定式) My answer to his threat(威胁) was to hit him on the nose. (不定式) 7.Complimenting(赞美,祝贺) is lying. 恭维就是说谎。(动名词) Is that asking so much? 这是要的高了吗?(动名词) 8.I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。(过分) I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。(过分) 9.She is in good health. 她很健康。(介词短语) The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。(介词短语) 10.Is that why you were angry? 这就是你发怒的原因吗?(从句) 11.This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。(从句) 补充: 能做系动词的实义动词: come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词) fell,sound ,smell , look , taste (感观动词) seem, appear (似乎,好像) 1.Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。(Come后常加 easy ,loose natural 等) 2. He fell sick. 他病了。Keep fit.保重。 keep作为系动词还常接quiet ,calm ,cool, well, warm ,silent,clean,dry 3.The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。(short , loose , wild , cold 等) 4.A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is. 四.宾语 宾语(object)在句中主要充当动作的承受者,因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如: Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。 可以用作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。 1.Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗?(名词) 2.They won’t hurt us. 他们不会伤害我们。(代词) 3.If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。(数词)。 4.I shall do my possible. 我将尽力而为。(名词化形容词) 5.He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。(副词) 6.Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗?(不定式) 7.He never did the unexpected(想不到的,意外的). (名词化的分词) 8.Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?(从句) 扩展: 双宾语问题 宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语,即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。 直接宾语一般指动作的承受者,间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人)。 具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb)。间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用,通常放在直接宾语之前。 常用的有:answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。 如:Give me a cup of tea, please. I bought him a birthday present. I have found him a place. 我给他找到了一个职位。 双宾语可以由介词to或for表达: Please give it to him. Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 五.补语 补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement). (1). 形容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。 Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。如: The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. (2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 1.They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语) 2.My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. (名词短语作宾语补语) 3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语) 3.I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补) 4.The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. (不定式用作宾语补语) 5.I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补 6.Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。 六.定语 定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。 1.形容词用作定语是大量的。 (1). She is a natural musician. (2). He must be the best violinist alive.(后置定语) 2. 名词用作定语。 (1). A baby girl 女婴 (2). well water 井水 (3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车 2.代词作定语。 4 (1). Your hair needs cutting. (物主代词用作定语) (2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. (不定代词所有格作定语) 3.数词作定语 (1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。 (2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 基数词用作后置定语: page 24 , Room 201 , the year 1949 4. 副词充当定语时常后置,如: the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日 5.不定式用作定语 (1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。 (2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。 6.动名词用作定语. A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药 eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法 7.分词充当定语 a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者 a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花 7.介词短语用作定语。 (1). This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。 (2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 8.从句用作定语,即定语从句 The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。 Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 七.状语 5 状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。。如: 1.The girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。 2.作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。 副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。 He speaks the language badly but read it well. Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 3.按用途分时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 (1)。时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? Now China leads the world. (2).地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。 There are plenty of fish in the sea. She kissed her mother on the platform(月台). (3).原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。 Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them. (4). 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。 She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said. (5). 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。 He ran for shelter(隐蔽处). In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. (6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。 We’ll be lucky to get there before dark. If he were to come, what should we say to him? (7). 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。 For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. He helped me although he didn’t know me. (8). 程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。 The lecture is very interesting. To what extent would you trust them? 程度 (9).伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。 My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten. He stood there pipe(烟斗) in mouth.