大熊简单明了
不确定，以张衡名字命名的“张衡小行星”是这样的：the graduated arm planetoid英文应只叫“衡”graduated armCharacter synopsis Open the graduated arm (78-139), character even child, westNanyang Hubei (now Henan Nanyang County Shiqiaozhen) person. He is theour country Eastern Han Dynasty time great astronomer, has made theindelible contribution for our country astronomy development; Inaspect and so on mathematics, geography, drawing and literature, ZhangHengye displayed extraordinary ability and the vast knowledge. Zhang Heng is one of representative personages which the Eastern HanDynasty intermediate stage muddy day said; He pointed out Moon itselfand nonluminous, the moonlight actually is the sunlight reflection; Healso correctly explained origin, and realized with is away fromthe Earth far and near relations to the universe infinity and theplanetary motion speed. Open the graduated arm observation record 2,500 stars, formulated inthe world first to be able quite accurately to perform the celestialphenomenon the water leakage to transfer the armillary sphere, firsttest earthquake instrument - seismograph, but also made thesouth-pointing chariot, the automatic recording drum, flew in numberof lines wooden bird and so on. Zhang Henggong is having the science, the philosophy, and literaturework 32, astronomy work has "Spirit Constitution" and "SpiritConstitution Chart" and so on. For commemorate Zhang Heng the merit, the people at the back of aMoon's crater will name as "the graduated arm crater", 1,802 will namethe planetoid as "the graduated arm planetoid". The 20th century China renowned writers, historian Guo Moruo to openthe graduated arm the appraisal is: "Character of the so full scaledevelopment, is also rare in the world history, ten thousand offerssacrifice to thousand ages, makes one admire." The later generation calls Zhang Hengwei wooden saint (branch saint).Zhang Hengzi even child. West Nanyang county Hubei county (now HenanNanyang) person. The Eastern Han Dynasty constructs the third day year(the A.D. 78 years) to live; The Yonghe four years (the A.D. 139years) died. Astronomy, mechanical technology, seismography. "Graduated arm Biography" Zhang Hengchuan (stems from Fan Ye "Historical Records of theEastern Han dynasty") Original text: Open the graduated arm, the character even child, west Nanyang theHubei person. Weighs little friendly composes a piece of prosewriting, swims to three auxiliary, because enters the Beijingteachers, observes Imperial College, then passes the Five Classics,passes through the six arts. Although highly talented to world, butwas not arrogant still the sentiment. Calm is often quiescent, notgood connects with wants the person. Forever in the Yuan, will lift is not good, including will ward off not. When the worldwill be peaceful in the course of time, from nobility below none whodoes not exceed extravagant. The graduated arm is draws up Ban Gu "TwoAll" to make "Two Beijing To bestow on", because of by 讽谏. Theessence thinks , ten years are become. General Deng Zhiqi itstalent, tiredly summons not to be supposed. Weighs friendly is ingenious, You Zhi thinks to the astronomymasculine and feminine elements almanac. An Diya wen Hengshan thetechnique study, the public vehicle characteristic does obeisance thedoctor of Chinese medicine, again moves for the Taishi command. Thenis the masculine and feminine elements, the wonderfulcompletely fine jade machine, makes the armillary sphere, "SpiritConstitution", "Was calculating Deceives Discusses", word really Along the beginning of the emperor, the extension turns round againfor the Taishi command. Weighs does not admire the present age,occupies the official always not change residence error 1778.From goes to the history duty, five years duplicate also. The positive fine first year, duplicate makes the seismograph. To therefined copper casts, the diameter eight feet, gather the lid to stickout, take the form of the liquor to revere, play the part of shape ofby the seal script tortoise birds and beasts. Center has all thecolumn, approaches line of eight, Shi Guanfa machine. Outside haseight dragons, a title, gets down has the toad, open hornmouthpiece it. His/her the tooth ingenious system, all hides inrevering, the cover is thorough If has reveresinspires the dragon, machine sends spits the pill, but the toad holdsit. Inspires the sound to encourage therefore sense knowledge.Although Long Faji, but seven motionless, seeks its aspect, is theknowledge shakes is at. Examines it by the matter, gathers theagreement if god. Records from the book standard, has not had. TastesLong Jifa but unconsciously to move, the Beijing teacher scholar saltyblames it not to draft. Latter on severalth post to, fruit earthquakeLongxi, thereupon all takes its is wonderful. From now on after, isrecorded the official historian from the side. When the politics gradually damage, the power moves to under, weighsbecause submits a memorial to the throne the Chen matter. ... ... Initially, light Wu Shanchen, and reveals the ancestor, austere ZongYinzu states . Since resurgence, the Confucian scholar strugglestudy chart latitude, concurrently duplicate attaches by the evilwords. Weighs is fabricated by the chart latitude, law of the non-sage, is submits a memorial to the throne. ... ... Latter moves waits on, the emperor directs in the army tent about,satirizes discusses. Tastes asked weighs the world Theofficials fear it to destroy the oneself, all altogether item it, thegraduated arm is craftily to. Castrates the vertical stroke to fearthe end for its trouble, then altogether slanders it. Weighs Chang Situ matter of the body, thought the good and bad fortunedepends on, faint is difficult to be bright. Is does "ThinksUnreliable Tax" to proclaim expresses feelings the will. ... ... At the beginning of Yonghe, leaves is between the river. When kingarrogant is extravagant, does not obey the standard constitution; Alsoare many 豪右, altogether is illegal. The graduated arm alights,governs the dignity, the entire law, the cloudy knowledge deceitfulparty name, receives the birds and beasts for a while, about with deepveneration, is called the political principle. Regards the matter forthree years, submits a written statement drafts doesobeisance Shangshu. The year 62, the Yonghe four years died. "周官 Explanations of words in ancient books", Cui Yuan was thinkingcannot have is at variance with the various Confucians. Also wants tocontinue Kong Zi "To be easy" to say "彖", "Likely" incomplete,unexpectedly cannot. The poem, the tax, the inscription,seven-syllable, "Spirit Constitution", "Should Idle", "Seven Debates","Patrols Informs", "Hangs Chart" every 32. Character's history Open the graduated arm family background to the famous familyprominent family. His/her grandfather Zhang Kanzi the small will highenergetically puts into practice, by the person is the child prodigy,once million gave handed down in the family Yu Caishu he the nephew.After light Wu Dideng the base Zhang Kanshou recommends does obeisancethe official. Once no matter what punitive expeditionestablishes a separatist regime Suchuan county Gongsun for the Suchuancounty along with big Sima the Wu to state, stands has the greatmerit. After that commands troops resists Hsiungnu to have the merit,does obeisance is positive (nearby now Beijing) for the fishing Once defeated the Hsiungnu 10,000 cavalry soldiers byseveral thousand cavalry soldiers. Hereafter Hsiungnu has not dared inhis tenure in office to invade again. He teaches the people tocultivate, opens the rice paddy 8,000 area units, the people from thisbecomes rich. Therefore, has the ballad to eulogize him to say: "Mr.Zhang is a politics, is overjoyed." Zhang Kanwei the official isincorruptible. Cuts down when Suchuan he first attacks into Chengdu,but he states the treasure to Gongsun which stays behind piles up notto take. The Suchuan county is known as the day government office, butZhang Kan in to Suchuan county no matter what time ridesis a broken vehicle, carries only has a volume cotton clothing pouch. Zhang Hengxiang his grandfather is same, from small assiduouslystudies, has the literary talent very much. 16 years old later oncewill leave to study away from home the hometown to the outside areas.He first arrived then academic cultural center three auxiliary (areanow Shaanxi Xi'an). This local grand mountains and rivers and thegrand the Qin and Han Dynasty ancient capital ruins have provided therich literature creation source material to him. Later arrived EasternHan Dynasty capital Luoyang. In the there, he has entered then highestschool - Imperial College, has known a young scholar Cui tieswith him for the good friend. Cui Yuan was then after the scientist,the astronomer Jia Kui student, also was skilled in knowledge and soon astronomy, calendar, mathematics. With the emperor forever a Yuan12 year (the A.D. 100 years) Zhang Hengying inviting of the Nanyang Baud, has been him governs the desk job. After 8 yearsBaud is transferred to a new post the Beijing teachers, Zhang Hengjiresigns from office the home. In Nanyang period he devotes toknowledge and so on discussion astronomy, masculine and feminineelements, almanac, and repeatedly studies the Western Han Dynasty toraise male "Too Unreliably after". He has brought to the Chinese AnDi's attention in these aspects reputations. Forever fifth day theyear (the A.D. 111 years) a graduated arm is recruited goes to thecapital, does obeisance for the doctor of Chinese medicine. Yuan Chu first year (the A.D. 114 years) moves the Shangshu courtattendant. Next year, will move the Taishi command. Later once wastransferred to a new post his duty, after but 5 years turn round forthe Taishi command. Around the grand total no matter what this dutyreaches for 14 years long time, open the graduated arm manysignificant research all is completes in this stage. (The A.D. 133years) rise along the emperor positive fine two years for to wait on.But soon receives the officials to push aside stabs, first year (theA.D. 136 years) adjusts outside Beijing to Yonghe, no matter whatbetween river Wang Liu Zheng. Liu Zheng is the person whichoverbearing luxurious, does not defend the central statute book, placemany powerful bullies and he for is altogether illegal. After open thegraduated arm to assume a post the orderly law and discipline, theattack powerful bullies about, causes with deep veneration. After 3years, he to is suitable on the emperor the table to request toretire, but the royal government actually drafts does obeisance him isShangshu. This matter quite has the fishy, because Shangshu'sgovernment position far is lower than waits on or, whether he issubject to duty, the history does not carry On in this year (theYonghe four years, namely the A.D. 139 years) he namely considerspassed away 人物简介 张衡（78-139），字平子，南阳西鄂（今河南南阳县石桥镇）人。他是我国东汉时期伟大的天文学家，为我国天文学的发展作出了不可磨灭的贡献；在数学、地理、绘画和文学等方面，张衡也表现出了非凡的才能和广博的学识。 张衡是东汉中期浑天说的代表人物之一；他指出月球本身并不发光，月光其实是日光的反射；他还正确地解释了月食的成因，并且认识到宇宙的无限性和行星运动的快慢与距离地球远近的关系。 张衡观测记录了两千五百颗恒星，创制了世界上第一架能比较准确地表演天象的漏水转浑天仪，第一架测试地震的仪器——候风地动仪，还制造出了指南车、自动记里鼓车、飞行数里的木鸟等等。 张衡共著有科学、哲学、和文学著作三十二篇，其中天文著作有《灵宪》和《灵宪图》等。 为了纪念张衡的功绩，人们将月球背面的一环形山命名为“张衡环形山”，将小行星1802命名为“张衡小行星”。 20世纪中国著名文学家、历史学家郭沫若对张衡的评价是：“如此全面发展之人物，在世界史中亦所罕见，万祀千龄，令人景仰。” 后世称张衡为木圣（科圣）。张衡字平子。南阳郡西鄂县(今河南南阳)人。东汉建初三年(公元78年)生；永和四年(公元139年)卒。天文学、机械技术、地震学。 《张衡传》 张衡传（出自范晔《后汉书》） 原文: 张衡，字平子，南阳西鄂人也。衡少善属文，游于三辅，因入京师，观太学，遂通五经，贯六艺。虽才高于世，而无骄尚之情。常从容淡静，不好交接欲人。永元中，举孝廉不行，连辟公府不就。时天下承平日久，自王侯以下莫不逾侈。衡乃拟班固《两都》作《二京赋》，因以讽谏。精思傅会，十年乃成。大将军邓骘奇其才，累召不应。 衡善机巧，尤致思于天文阴阳历算。安帝雅闻衡善术学，公车特征拜郎中，再迁为太史令。遂乃研核阴阳，妙尽璇机之正，作浑天仪，著《灵宪》、《算罔论》，言甚详明。 顺帝初，再转复为太史令。衡不慕当世，所居之官辄积年不徙。自去史职，五载复还。 阳嘉元年，复造候风地动仪。以精铜铸成，员径八尺，合盖隆起，形似酒尊，饰以篆文山龟鸟兽之形。中有都柱，傍行八道，施关发机。外有八龙，首衔铜丸，下有蟾蜍，张口承之。其牙机巧制，皆隐在尊中，覆盖周密无际。如有地动，尊则振龙，机发吐丸，而蟾蜍衔之。振声激扬，伺者因此觉知。虽一龙发机，而七首不动，寻其方面，乃知震之所在。验之以事，合契若神。自书典所记，未之有也。尝一龙机发而地不觉动，京师学者咸怪其无征。后数日驿至，果地震陇西，于是皆服其妙。自此以后，乃令史官记地动所从方起。 时政事渐损，权移于下，衡因上疏陈事。…… 初，光武善谶，及显宗、肃宗因祖述焉。自中兴之后，儒者争学图纬，兼复附以妖言。衡以图纬虚妄，非圣人之法，乃上疏。…… 后迁侍中，帝引在帷幄，讽议左右。尝问衡天下所疾恶者。宦官惧其毁己，皆共目之，衡乃诡对而出。阉竖恐终为其患，遂共谗之。 衡常思图身之事，以为吉凶倚仗，幽微难明。乃作《思玄赋》以宣寄情志。…… 永和初，出为河间相。时国王骄奢，不遵典宪；又多豪右，共为不轨。衡下车，治威严，整法度，阴知奸党名姓，一时收禽，上下肃然，称为政理。视事三年，上书乞骸骨，征拜尚书。年六十二，永和四年卒。 著《周官训诂》，崔瑗以为不能有异于诸儒也。又欲继孔子《易》说《彖》、《象》残缺者，竟不能就。所著诗、赋、铭、七言、《灵宪》、《应闲》、《七辩》、《巡诰》、《悬图》凡三十二篇。 人物的历史 张衡出身于名门望族。其祖父张堪自小志高力行，被人称为圣童，曾把家传余财数百万让给他的侄子。光武帝登基后张堪受荐拜官。曾被任为蜀郡太守随大司马吴汉讨伐割据蜀郡的公孙述，立有大功。其后又领兵抗击匈奴有功，拜为渔阳(今北京附近)太守。曾以数千骑兵击破匈奴来犯的一万骑兵。此后在他的任期内匈奴再也没有敢来侵扰。他又教人民耕种，开稻田八千顷，人民由此致富。所以，有民谣歌颂他说：“张君为政，乐不可支。”张堪为官清廉。伐蜀时他是首先攻入成都的，但他对公孙述留下的堆积如山的珍宝毫无所取。蜀郡号称天府，但张堪在奉调离蜀郡太守任时乘的是一辆破车，携带的只有一卷布被囊。 张衡像他的祖父一样，自小刻苦向学，很有文采。16岁以后曾离开家乡到外地游学。他先到了当时的学术文化中心三辅(今陕西西安一带)。这一地区壮丽的山河和宏伟的秦汉古都遗址给他提供了丰富的文学创作素材。以后又到了东汉首都洛阳。在那儿，他进过当时的最高学府——太学，结识了一位青年学者崔瑗，与他结为挚友。崔瑗是当时的经学家、天文学家贾逵的学生，也精通天文、历法、数学等学问。和帝永元十二年(公元100年)张衡应南阳太守鲍德之请，作了他的主簿，掌管文书工作。8年后鲍德调任京师，张衡即辞官居家。在南阳期间他致力于探讨天文、阴阳、历算等学问，并反复研究西汉扬雄著的《太玄经》。他在这些方面的名声引起了汉安帝的注意。永初五年(公元111年)张衡被征召进京，拜为郎中。 元初元年(公元114年)迁尚书郎。次年，迁太史令。以后曾调任他职，但5年后复为太史令。总计前后任此职达14年之久，张衡许多重大的科学研究工作都是在这一阶段里完成的。顺帝阳嘉二年(公元133年)升为侍中。但不久受到宦官排挤中伤，于永和元年(公元136年)调到京外，任河间王刘政的相。刘政是个骄横奢侈、不守中央法典的人，地方许多豪强与他共为不法。张衡到任后严整法纪，打击豪强，使得上下肃然。3年后，他向顺帝上表请求退休，但朝廷却征拜他为尚书。此事颇有蹊跷，因尚书的官职远低于侍中或相，他是否应征，史载不彰。就在这一年(永和四年，即公元139年)他即告逝世。
哈啰辉辉
Differences Between American and British EnglishWhile there are certainly many more varieties of English, American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most ESL/EFL programs. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is "correct" however, there are certainly preferences in use. The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling (i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour - color is American spelling and flavour is British), this is of course not always easy - or possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between these two varieties of English.Use of the Present PerfectIn British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example:I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?In American English the following is also possible:I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet.British English:I've just had lunchI've already seen that filmHave you finished your homework yet?American English:I just had lunch OR I've just had lunchI've already seen that film OR I already saw that film.Have your finished your homework yet? OR Did you finish your homework yet?PossessionThere are two forms to express possession in English. Have or Have gotDo you have a car?Have you got a car?He hasn't got any friends.He doesn't have any friends.She has a beautiful new home.She's got a beautiful new home.While both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn't got, etc.) is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ the have (do you have, he doesn't have etc.)The Verb GetThe past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English. Example He's gotten much better at playing tennis. British English - He's got much better at playing tennis.VocabularyProbably the major differences between British and American English lies in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties for example:Mean: (American English - angry, bad humored, British English - not generous, tight fisted)Rubber: (American English - condom, British English - tool used to erase pencil markings)There are many more examples (too many for me to list here). If there is a difference in usage, your dictionary will note the different meanings in its definition of the term. Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles.American English - hood British English - bonnet American English - trunk British English - boot American English - truck British English - lorry Once again, your dictionary should list whether the term is used in British English or American English.For a more complete list of the vocabulary differences between British and American English use this British vs. American English vocabulary tool.PrepositionsThere are also a few differences in preposition use including the following:American English - on the weekend British English - at the weekend American English - on a team British English - in a team American English - please write me soon British English - please write to me soon Past Simple/Past ParticiplesThe following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the first form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English.Burn Burnt OR burned Dream dreamt OR dreamed Lean leant OR leaned Learn learnt OR learned Smell smelt OR smelled Spell spelt OR spelled Spill spilt OR spilled Spoil spoilt OR spoiled SpellingHere are some general differences between British and American spellings:Words ending in -or (American) -our (British) color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc.Words ending in -ize (American) -ise (British) recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise etc.British English and American English are the two major varieties of English in the world at present. They are belong to the same language -- English, there is there're common ground between them. Due to they developed independently with the different historical backgrounds, geography and culture. Of course, there are also many differences between them. As the English learners, it is necessary for us to get somewhat acquainted with the differences between them to help our study and keep us from unnecessary troubles. Because someone who don't know British and American English clearly, have a prejudice about British and American English, like that "which is better?" This thesis makes an analysis and comparison of British English and American English in terms of history, pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary and grammar, hoping to help you completely and objectively know the differences between British and American English. (英文)我欣赏我的祖国，是因为中国曾经经历了多少沧桑、经历了多少风风雨雨啊；我热爱我的祖国，是因为它在毛泽东、邓小平、……总书记的领导下，发生了翻天覆地的变化；我敬佩我的祖国，是因为在孙中山这位大总统的领导下，打响了“武昌起义”，发动了“辛亥革命”使中国从半殖民、半封建的社会中走了出来；我喜欢我的祖国，是因为祖国的壮丽风景使人心旷神怡…… 中国在公元前221年嬴政统一中国史称秦始皇开始，逐渐成为一个富饶、美丽的国度；张骞出使西域，创建丝绸之路；唐太宗李渊建立了大唐；明太祖朱元璋以一个农民的身份创建了明朝；大金大汗皇太极攻克了北京，创立清朝后……从“玄武门之变” 到“康乾盛世”……从圆周率，四大发明，地动仪，浑天仪……从孔子，孟子……从王羲之，柳公权，颜真清……从李白、杜甫、陆游、叶绍翁、苏轼、辛弃疾……中国每个方面都在逐步的昌盛，成为当时世界上发达国家之一。然而，好景不长，从乾隆皇帝后，一个个腐败无能的皇帝依次出现，从嘉庆皇帝到溥仪皇帝；从中国近代第一个不平等条约——《马关条约》；从中日黄海大战……都体现了后清的腐败。作为一个中国人，清政府的腐败无能，固然令人不堪回首、深恶痛绝；但更令人欣慰的是在孙中山大总统的领导下，中国人民一举推翻了清政府的腐朽统治，建立了中华民国。又在以毛主席、周总理的领导下，带领中国人民，建立了一个崭新的中国，巍然屹立在世界的东方。 而且从“五•四”运动开始，一大批优秀的文学作品涌入社会：冰心奶奶的《寄小读者》；鲁迅爷爷的《社戏》；郭沫若爷爷的《山茶花》；老舍爷爷的《四室同堂》；郑振驿爷爷的《海燕》；巴金爷爷的《繁星》……都是当时社会上优秀的文学作品，并且对鼓舞中国人民重新站起来抗击国内外的反动派，建立新中国都起到了非常大的作用！ 祖国秀丽的风景一向令人赞叹！神奇的九寨沟，具有典型“克斯特”地貌的黄龙，秀丽的黄山，“山水甲天下”的桂林，“世界第一大佛”的乐山大佛，美丽的日月潭，布达拉宫，喜马拉雅山…… 祖国的文化也很多！现在为止，已经有29个项目顺利申请了“世界遗产”的名录，这也是一个令人骄傲的数字！ 在五千年中，中国人受尽了耻辱，但我们终于又站起来了！可谓是“苦尽甘来”！中国人民在自己的努力下，嬴得了世界人民的尊重！我为自己是一名中国人感到自豪！ 2我爱我的祖国作文 掀开摞摞发黄的历史，在白骨累累的中国近代史上我们看到一个个举着明晃晃钢刀的刽子手，一只只满口 鲜血的吸血蝙蝠，一头啮着血淋淋心肺的豺狼，一群群叼着头颅的鹰犬和一淌淌鲜艳刺目的血！ 这是民族的耻辱。让受苦受难，受辱受虐的中国人的血不再白流，是老一辈仁人志士的不懈追求，他们奇迹般地走过了二万五千里长征，经历了八年抗战，迎来新中国的建立…… 历史又翻到今日。新的仇恨，新的血泪又涌现在我们眼前：1999年5月8日一对新婚不久的中国青年夫妇倒在南斯拉夫的血泊中；2001年4月一位优秀的中国飞行员为了祖国尊严血洒南海上空…… 同学们，我们能无动于衷吗?我们能让鲜血再洒在中国历史的十字架上吗?我们能让闪着寒光的刺刀再刺向中国人吗? 不!决不!血、泪、仇。我们记住了，永远地记住了。让我们化作冬雨，将南斯拉夫的血场刷清。让我们化作精卫，将汹涌的大海填平…… 雪耻复仇，为中华民族伟大复兴，我们这一代中国青少年责无旁贷！ 然而，我们许多少年人将自已民族的新仇旧恨忘掉了，将“五四”青年匍匐喋血，在血泪中仍高喊祖国万岁的那一刻忘记，将日本刽子手在南京城中狞笑着举起钢刀的那一刻忘记了……同学们如果我们沉溺在享乐之中将学习荒毁了，将前程荒毁了，将民族兴衰抛置脑后……这是一种毁灭，一种自我毁灭。 鲁迅先生穷其一生智慧，“我以我血荐轩辕”唤醒了刀俎上的中国人，我们的前辈树立“为中华之崛起而读书”的理想，以天下安危为已任，前仆后继，建立了新中国。 作为新时代的青年人，我们怎能放任自流，荒毁一生置民族大业于不顾?否则，枉为炎黄子孙！ 梁启超曾高瞻远瞩地指出：少年强，则国强；少年富，则国富；少年屹立于世界，则国屹立于世界！ 自古英雄出少年。在当今世界的残酷竞争中，中国青少年能否肩负起民族振兴和洗刷国耻的任务，直接关系到中国将来的命运。 我们的老师学识渊博、温文尔雅、谦和真诚、勤奋敬业、任劳任怨。 我们青春焕发、热血沸腾。摆脱幼稚走向了成熟，不再藏到父母宽大的羽翼下避风躲雨，而是如那高傲的海燕，渴望暴风雨，敢于战斗。我们虽然无需面对国土的沦丧，无需承受战火硝烟，但是我们可能要阻挡不期而来的洪水，抗击非典，预防禽流感，我们的飞船要上天，我们的足球要获胜，我们要研究转基因，我们要征服沙尘暴，我们要保护环境、维护世界和平……毋容置疑，我们这些祖国未来的建设者和接班人，肩负重担、义不容辞、任重道远。为了祖国的繁荣、民族的兴旺，今天的我们用激情点燃希望之火，用青春汗水浇灌成功之花。勤奋学习、奋力拼搏，是我们初中生活不变的主题。“三分天注定，七分靠打拼。”也许会受挫，也许会失败，但是，“不经历风雨怎么见彩虹”远航的水手告诉我们“风雨中，这点痛算什么，擦干泪，不要问，至少我们还有梦。” 努力吧！奋斗吧！中国青少年。为我们开辟民族复兴的新蓝天……! 祖国在我心中 在爬满甲骨文的钟鼎之上，读祖国童年的灵性；在布满烽火的长城之上，读祖国青春的豪放；在缀满诗歌与科学的大地之上，读祖国壮年的成熟…… 我想说又不愿说，我也曾看到祖国的孱弱，在圆明园烧焦的废墟之上，我看祖国是一滩血；在邓世昌勇猛的“致远舰”上，我看祖国是一团火。但我的祖国没有沉没，在亚细亚的东部，用宽厚的臂膀，挽起高山大海，将炎黄子孙揽于怀中，用茅草和土砖修复残缺的岁月，用野菜和稀粥喂养饥饿的生活。中山先生，在黑夜里开始规划治国方略，毛泽东，在贫瘠的土地上，支撑民族的血肉与骨骼；邓小平，把饱经沧桑的瞳仁放大，指引多灾多难的祖国，从世纪的风雨中神奇地走过！ 沿着黄河与长江的源头，漂流而下，过壶口，闯关东，走三峡，奔大海。在河西走廊，华北平原，我看祖国的富饶与辽阔，看祖国千里马般日夜兼程的超越；在长江三角洲、珠江三角洲，看祖国崇高与巍峨，看祖国繁荣的霓虹灯日夜闪烁，灿若银河…… 给我肤色的祖国，给我智慧与胆略的祖国。尽管在乡村，还有辍学孩子渴望的目光；尽管在城镇，还有下岗女工无奈地诉说，但我知道，更有改革的浪潮迭起，冲破旧的观念，旧体制的束缚，迎来新世纪磅礴的日出！ 这是一个除旧立新的祖国。这是一个沸腾上升的祖国；这是一个如日中天的祖国。我的话语多得成一部历史，我的话语多得可组成一片星河，但是说得最多最动情的一句，便是——腾飞吧祖国、祖国吉祥，吉祥祖国。 爱国演讲-我的祖国 中华民族是一个历史悠久的民族，创造了璀璨的文化。在汉唐等时期，我们祖国曾经是世界上最文明、最强大的国家。但是，由于近代国家政治腐败，闭关自守，导致了国家国力衰微。1949年，毛泽东带领中国人民获得了民族的解放，邓小平为中华民族的振兴绘制了宏伟的蓝图，在中国共产党的领导下，经过改革开放的二十多年建设，我国经济高速发展，国家实力日益增强，人民生活水平迅速提高，祖国变得更美好! 香港、澳门本是我国神圣不可侵犯的领土，但是由于清政府的软弱无能，他们离开了祖国妈妈；在1997、1999年，他们相继回到祖国母亲的怀抱；嫦娥奔月是我们先辈们几千年前的伟大梦想，这个梦想在“神州5号”载人飞船载着杨利伟进入太空以后，已经在逐步实现。同时，我们成功的战胜了1998年的特大洪水；成功的加入WTO；成功申奥；成功的抗击了“非典”和“禽流感”等。这一系列成功，证明了今天我国的强大实力。中华民族像一个巨人，屹立世界在东方。 从清末的被蹂躏到现在的发展蒸蒸日上，是无数的中华儿女抛头颅、洒热血、前仆后继、不懈努力换来的，来之不易啊。他们开创了祖国的今天，我们要造就祖国的明天。为了实现我们的光荣使命，我们必须努力学习，用最先进的科学技术和人类的灿烂文化武装自己，学好建设祖国的本领；明天在自己的工作岗位上为祖国建设贡献聪明才智，让祖国明天更美好。 长江后浪推前浪，一代更比一代强。我坚信，在我们的不懈努力下，祖国的明天，天更蓝、山更绿、水更清、经济更繁荣、人民更幸福、国力更强盛，祖国的明天更美好。 《祖国在我心中》演讲稿 亲爱的同学们： 自从党带领着人民打败了外国侵略者之后，我们的祖国正在飞速发展之中，然而有些外国人还是瞧不起我们，于是，许多爱国志士便都投入了祖国的建设事业中。 邓稼先这个名字大家一定都很熟悉吧！它就是原子弹和氢弹的研究者。1958年8月，在外国留学的邓稼先谢绝了导师的挽留，怀着一颗滚烫的赤子之心踏上了归途，回到了新中国。但是，外国已研究出了非常先进的核武器，而在这方面，中国仍旧就是一个空白。1958年党中央决定研制中国自己的核武器——原子弹。这时，邓稼先站了出来，他毅然接受了研究原子弹的任务，当时，研究核弹的工作是非常危险的，但邓稼先决定要为国捐躯。1964年10月16日，随着一声巨大的轰鸣，一朵无比壮美的蘑菇云升上了天空，中国的第一颗原子弹在罗布泊的山空爆炸成功。1967年6月17日，在罗布泊的上空，中国的第一颗氢弹又成功地爆炸了。全世界震惊了！喜讯迅速传遍了长城内外，大江南北，这不朽的功绩使中国人扬眉吐气。 看着冉冉上升的国旗，你是否感到从未有过的激动呢？这是我们国家的象征，有多少人为这国旗做出了贡献，在观看升旗仪式的同时，你是否尊重那些在国旗里活着的烈士？那些为国旗做出贡献的人呢？我敢说有些人不是的。当我们对国旗行注目礼时，有的人在做小动作；当庄严的国歌奏响时，我们嘴里发出的声音却像蚊子似的无病呻吟。这一切难道是爱国的表现吗？别忘了，亲爱的同学们，那红旗里的眼睛在看着你呢！谁在做小动作？谁在低着头？高高飘扬的红旗全都知道得一清二楚。别人为升旗仪式是一件小事，它的意义大于一切！ 我郑重地发出倡议：请你们尊重国旗，尊重那些在国旗里活着的爱国志士吧！打开地图，请为我指出，你最喜欢哪个国度？有人会指着美国，因为他们向往美国式的自由，有人会指着法国，因为他们向往香水般的浪漫情怀，有人还会指着新加坡，因为他们向往花园般的美丽国度．可是，别忘了我们的祖国－－中华人民共和国． 她有着几千年的灿烂文化，是世界上一颗罕见的明珠，虽然她不及美国那样先进，甚至贫穷、落后，但我不会嫌弃，因为我是在她无私的爱之下长大的． 高耸的珠峰告诉我们，这里的人们已挺起了胸膛；清新的空气告诉我们，这里没有战火硝烟；爽朗的笑声告诉我们，这里的人们安居乐业．这个”桃源国度”就是我的祖国－－中华人民共和国！她地大物博，却因为人口众多而微不足道；她面积广大，却因土地荒漠而大半无用；她虽有诸多大江，却多是泥沙沉积．但是我们后人，可以从风化的泥土中，读出她的历史，读出她的沧海桑田，读出她的兴衰，读出她为后人留下的一切． 我们爱祖国，正如岳飞精忠报国一样，她是我们炎黄子孙的根，枝繁叶茂是因为她的功劳．有国就有家，我爱家乡如爱祖国一般． 故乡是梦中永远的景致；故土，是离乡后最珍惜的物品；故人，是最纯洁的乡情．当年玄藏法师出行，唐太宗将一撮故土置于杯中，让他喝下，告诫他莫忘故乡．是啊！祖国大地有许多壮美山河．但惟独只爱家乡，因为那儿是我成长的摇篮，那儿的一草一木都深入我心，我为家乡的落后而焦急；为家乡的进步而自豪；为家乡的前途而担忧．纵使我走到了生命的尽头，我依然想捧起一撮故乡土，一汪故乡水，一片故乡叶；它们将随我长埋于地下，直到风化也紧紧相连． 虽然家乡很美，但出外求学总是不可避免的．于是，校园成了每天都要接触的地方． 校园不像清华般久远；不像牛津般闻名；不像贵族学校般豪华．但我依然爱着她，因为她给予我知识，给予我最纯洁的友谊．她告诉我什么是美丽，什么是善良，什么是邪恶． 在她的熏陶下我茁壮成长，如同鲜花受到甘露的滋润，在她的关爱下我如同幼苗受到阳光的呵护．可总有一天，我们会离开校园，离开这方圣土，去到社会当中，而我心灵深处，依然深深挂念我的母校． 爱我祖国，爱我家乡，爱我校园！ 这是心灵的赞美，这是心灵的歌声，这是心灵的呼唤 啊，祖国！你给予我们生命，让我们在这片广阔的土地上茁壮成长，我爱我你——我的祖国！你曾哺育过多少英雄儿女，为了我们更灿烂的明天，你付出了多少艰辛和汗水，我爱你——我的祖国！你是指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术四大发明的发源地，孔子言行、儒家思想、唐诗宋词等各代文化各具特色，中国有着五千年的悠久的历史和文化，中国的文化被后人永远传颂。 二十一世纪中国经济的腾飞使世人惊叹！中国国民消费指数和国民产值有着明显的提高，居民的生活水平有了很大的提升，居住环境有了很大的改善，交通更加便捷，一栋栋高楼拔地而起，各个城市的立交桥汇成错综复杂的交通图，因为中国的经济改革深入人心，使得我们的经济取得了飞速的发展，人人安居乐业，政府鼓励人人创业，更使得人民的生活更加美满幸福。因为政府采取了有强有力的改革措施，国民的危机意识提升，创业激情飞速提高,所以中国有着翻天覆地的变化. 我们的祖国是永远坚强的。在二00八年五月十二日下午二点二十八分，四川发生了8.0以上的地震，在无情的地震中使无数人失去了亲人和生命，一栋栋房屋变成了废墟，一条条道路塌陷，地震造成的损失我们无法计算，但我们的祖国不怕灾难带来的恐惧，面对灾难我们万众一心、众志成城，挽救了一个个生命，在最紧要的关头展示了“谁是最可爱的人”是我们的中国军人，他们不怕流血流汗还冒着生命危险拯救压在已破裂墙壁奄奄一息的生命，一方有难,八方支援，中国人有强大的凝聚力的，我感动了，中国人感动了，世界所有的人感动了！ 二00八年八月八日世人瞩目的北京奥运会开幕了，中国健儿在运动赛场展示了中国人敢于拼搏的精神风采，同时也展现了中国强大的经济实力，让全世界了解了中国，中国发生了日新月异变化。我了解中国的历史，尤其是中国的近代史，鸦片战争爆发还是卖国条约签定到八国联军的入侵，甚至南京大屠杀那都是中国人耻辱和国人难以忘记的一幕，中国人化悲痛为力量，强大了自己才不会给别人欺凌的机会，为了中国的民主和解放，中国出现了孙中山、毛泽东等伟大的人物，到现在中国取得了改革开放的伟大的胜利，我们大家大声呼喊“中国，加油！” 就在祖国生日的前几天九月二十五日，中国就“神舟五号”发射成功后，“神舟七号”载人飞船又要起飞了，中国的航天技术又迈入新的里程碑，航天载人技术在世界的前列，我们的祖国是多么的神奇，多么的有智慧！ 10月1日是祖国的生日，祝它生日快乐！ 在鸿杰我要加倍努力学习！做个父母的好孩子，做祖国的好男儿！为祖国的明天贡献我的一份力量把自己国家建设的更加美好和富强！ 祖国，我爱你！ 3 来到美国已经一个月了。刚来的时候，感觉是那样的新鲜，阁楼，花旗，草坪，树林，松鼠，大雁……这里的一切仿佛是梦中，是童话世界里面的背景。进入学校，清晨的薄雾透着鲜亮的阳光，缀满露水的树枝把斑驳的影子洒满草坪。在这里，有着豪华的设备，如云的大师，温馨的气氛，丰厚的资助，几乎一切都达到理想的完美。 可是，心中依然割舍不下的，仍然是那根脆弱的弦——养育我成人的母亲，年迈的奶奶，还有让我刻骨铭心的祖国。自从高考之后离开家庭，我一直觉得自己是个男子汉，是个没有根的人，走到哪里都是我的家，所以有时候很长时间不跟家里联系。可是当我真正离开家，离开祖国的时候，当我看到流着热泪的母亲向我挥手的时候，当我坐上美国航空离开浦东机场的时候，当我看着窗外的茫茫大海和几条渔船，感觉自己就像那些小船一样漂向远方的时候，我突然有一种离家的恐惧，我竟然哭了。而当今天，在学校的草坪上，我看到一群中国人撑起一面熟悉的旗帜，我抑制不住自己，泪水又流了下来。 一个月来，由于自己没有电脑，跟外界的联络不够方便，但是我一直在努力通过个各种途径了解祖国的新闻，努力维持同祖国的联系。甚至于很多美国当地的新闻，都是我在订约的人民日报海外版看到的。我就像一根风筝，离不开下面那片土地，那是生我养我的地方。 在这里，我昂首挺胸，享受着一个大国国民的荣耀和尊严，我知道，我在这个社会的地位来自我的强大的祖国；我也知道她的孩子过去甚至不能跟狗一起进入租界；我更知道每一个华人所担负的责任—让她更加强大。（中文）
waterimilan
科学家张衡 张衡(公元78～140年)，河南南阳人，东汉杰出的科学家，也是世界上最早的天文学家之一。他特别爱好数学和天文学。朝廷听说他有学问，就让他担任了太史令，掌管历史和历法，负责观察天文。 经过多年的观察，他研制了一架“浑天仪”。凡是知道的重要天文现象，都刻在“浑天仪”上了。 东汉时期，地震很活跃。当时的人们不懂科学，以为地震是鬼神发怒。张衡认为地震是一种自然灾害，他根据自己对于地震现象的观测，在公元132年发明了“候风地动仪”，这台仪器成为世界上第一台观测地震方向的仪器。地动仪制好后，放在洛阳的灵台。公元138年2月的一天，地动仪朝西的龙嘴吐出铜球，掉到了蛤蟆嘴里，这说明西北方向发生了地震。但是洛阳一点也没有地震的感觉，因此，大伙都说张衡的地动仪是骗人的。过了几天甘肃东南部有人来报告说，那里前几天发生了大地震，人们这才相信。 这是人类历史上第一次用仪器来观测地震方向。中国以外，直到公元13世纪，才有类似的仪器出现。 地动仪是怎么工作的？ 地动仪是用青铜制造的，仪器内部竖�一根铜柱，周围有8根杆子连接外面。外面有8条龙，分别朝�8个方向，每条龙的嘴里各含�一粒小铜球。哪个方向地震，柱子就倒向那个方向，触动杆子，那个方向的龙嘴就张开，吐出铜球，落在下面仰头张嘴的小铜蛤蟆口中，这样，人们就知道那里发生了地震。 Zhang Heng, a Pioneering Scientist Zhang Heng (78-140 AD) was born in Nanyang, Henan Province. He was one of the world's first astronomers. He was also a learned mathematician. He was appointed official with historiographic duties, and was also in charge of drawing up the calendar and observing astronomical phenomena. He developed an armillary sphere, on which were carved all the astronomical phenomena known at that time. Contrary to the popular belief at that time, Zhang Heng maintained that earthquakes were not signs of Heaven's anger but natural disasters. As a result of careful observations of earthquakes, he invented a seismograph in 132, which was the world's first instrument to identify and ascertain the direction of earthquakes. When an earthquake occurred, even if it could not be felt in Luoyang, the capital, a bronze ball would fall from the mouth of one of the carved dragon's heads on the instrument facing the direction of the epicenter of the earthquake into the mouth of a bronze toad below. It was not until the 13th century that similar instruments appeared outside China. Zhang Heng's Seismograph The seismograph was made entirely of bronze. Inside, there was a balanced post and eight rods connected to eight dragon's heads on the outside. When an earthquake occurred, the balanced post would tilt in the direction of the quake, push a rod, and cause the corresponding dragon's head to disgorge a bronze ball, which would then fall into the mouth of a bronze toad below.
敏宝环保科技
有一位"母亲"比母亲更母亲，那便是我们的祖国--中国。她，在漫长的岁月里，孕育了长青的山川，长碧的江水，也培育出千千万万的孩子--中国人。 作为一个中国人，可堪自豪的事物实在太多了。我们勤俭而诚恳，友善而勇敢，这是叫亿万炎黄子孙倍感骄傲的传统美德。(开头两段，第一段扣住"传统"--漫长，第二段扣住美德。入题快。) "勤"，是中国传统美德中最闻名于世的。中国人以农立，"锄禾日当午，汗滴禾下土。谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。"农民们日出而作，日落而息，长年累月辛勤地劳动，以汗水换来硕硕丰成，造福子孙后代；同时也因为"勤"，加上极富锲而不舍的研究精神，中国人创造了四大发明、圆周率、浑天仪、《本草纲目》等等智慧结晶，在人类历史上写下了极其光辉的篇章。(此段说"勤"，引用的诗句体现"勤"，四大发明等说明"勤"的结果。) 中国人是勇敢的，有傲气的。南宋名将岳飞以精忠报国的信念，燃起了他那不屈不挠的强烈爱国心志，为国家，为民族抛头颅，洒热血，奋勇抗敌，保卫河山；民族英雄文天祥，少有大志，终不肯向元人投降，最后从容就义。他曾说过："人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青！"这是何等壮烈感人的豪语！他们的忠义能与日月争光，在民族史册上，烙下了不朽的印迹！ 中国人爱国，对自己的国家有着非笔墨可形容的深感情。爱国诗人陆游在遗作《示儿》中写道："死去元知万事空，但悲不见九州同。王师北定中原日，家祭无忘告乃翁。"他对死亡泰然处之，临终时还念挂着国家民族的安危，是多么可敬可佩啊！北宋著名文学家及政治家范仲淹，忧国忧民，他"先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐"的精神，充分反映出他"以天下为己任""国家兴亡，匹夫有责"的高贵情操。翻开中国历史，这样为国家、社稷鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已的人物比比皆是，林则徐、孙中山、周恩来等等，真是数之不尽。(此两段说"爱国"，例举的人物都是历史上的爱国人物，议论中有强烈的感情，用语形象，如"燃起了他那不屈不挠的强烈爱国心志"。) 孝道也是中国传统美德中的代表，它根植在人心。"卧冰求鲤""黄香暖席"的故事，广受传颂。而古诗里的人物花木兰更是家喻户晓，她为免老父再受征战沙场的痛苦，决心女扮男装代父从军，是一位不可多得的孝女。 反观现今的社会--人与人之间的关系日渐疏离，变得淡薄、冷漠，这些奠基在利益上的人际关系，缺乏彼此的互谅关怀，完全没有温情可言；而家庭不和、子女忤逆引发的伦常
fenny80231
Differences Between American and British EnglishWhile there are certainly many more varieties of English, American and British English are the two varieties that are taught in most ESL/EFL programs. Generally, it is agreed that no one version is "correct" however, there are certainly preferences in use. The most important rule of thumb is to try to be consistent in your usage. If you decide that you want to use American English spellings then be consistent in your spelling (i.e. The color of the orange is also its flavour - color is American spelling and flavour is British), this is of course not always easy - or possible. The following guide is meant to point out the principal differences between these two varieties of English.Use of the Present PerfectIn British English the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. For example:I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?In American English the following is also possible:I lost my key. Can you help me look for it?In British English the above would be considered incorrect. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet.British English:I've just had lunchI've already seen that filmHave you finished your homework yet?American English:I just had lunch OR I've just had lunchI've already seen that film OR I already saw that film.Have your finished your homework yet? OR Did you finish your homework yet?PossessionThere are two forms to express possession in English. Have or Have gotDo you have a car?Have you got a car?He hasn't got any friends.He doesn't have any friends.She has a beautiful new home.She's got a beautiful new home.While both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn't got, etc.) is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ the have (do you have, he doesn't have etc.)The Verb GetThe past participle of the verb get is gotten in American English. Example He's gotten much better at playing tennis. British English - He's got much better at playing tennis.VocabularyProbably the major differences between British and American English lies in the choice of vocabulary. Some words mean different things in the two varieties for example:Mean: (American English - angry, bad humored, British English - not generous, tight fisted)Rubber: (American English - condom, British English - tool used to erase pencil markings)There are many more examples (too many for me to list here). If there is a difference in usage, your dictionary will note the different meanings in its definition of the term. Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles.American English - hood British English - bonnet American English - trunk British English - boot American English - truck British English - lorry Once again, your dictionary should list whether the term is used in British English or American English.For a more complete list of the vocabulary differences between British and American English use this British vs. American English vocabulary tool.PrepositionsThere are also a few differences in preposition use including the following:American English - on the weekend British English - at the weekend American English - on a team British English - in a team American English - please write me soon British English - please write to me soon Past Simple/Past ParticiplesThe following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the first form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English.Burn Burnt OR burned Dream dreamt OR dreamed Lean leant OR leaned Learn learnt OR learned Smell smelt OR smelled Spell spelt OR spelled Spill spilt OR spilled Spoil spoilt OR spoiled SpellingHere are some general differences between British and American spellings:Words ending in -or (American) -our (British) color, colour, humor, humour, flavor, flavour etc.Words ending in -ize (American) -ise (British) recognize, recognise, patronize, patronise etc.British English and American English are the two major varieties of English in the world at present. They are belong to the same language -- English, there is there're common ground between them. Due to they developed independently with the different historical backgrounds, geography and culture. Of course, there are also many differences between them. As the English learners, it is necessary for us to get somewhat acquainted with the differences between them to help our study and keep us from unnecessary troubles. Because someone who don't know British and American English clearly, have a prejudice about British and American English, like that "which is better?" This thesis makes an analysis and comparison of British English and American English in terms of history, pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary and grammar, hoping to help you completely and objectively know the differences between British and American English.
