国民待遇英文翻译

presumption of innocence (无罪推定): The indictment or formal charge against any person is not evidence of guilt. Indeed, the person is presumed by the law to be innocent. The law does not require a person to prove his innocence or produce any evidence at all. The Government has the burden of proving a person guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, and if it fails to do so the person is (so far as the law is concerned) not guilty. compensation trade(补偿贸易):The form of countertrade in which an incoming investment is repaid from the revenues generated by that investment. national treatment(国民待遇):is a debated (and perhaps abandoned) principle in customary international law, but a vital one to many treaty regimes. Under national treatment, if a state grants a particular right, benefit or privilege to its own citizens, it must also grant those advantages to the citizens of other states while in that country. In the context of international agreements, a state must provide equal treatment to those citizens of other states which are participating in the agreement. A share(A股):In finance the term A share has two distinct meanings, both relating to securities. The first is a designation for a 'class' of common or preferred stock. A shares of common or preferred stock typically have enhanced voting rights or other benefits compared to the other forms of shares that may have been created. The equity structure, or how many types of shares are offered, is determined by the corporate charter. The other distinct meaning is a relatively standard way of pricing sales charges (loads) on mutual funds in the United States. In an A share, the sales load is up front, typically at most 5.75% of the amount invested. In contrast is the B share that does not have an upfront charge, but instead has higher ongoing expenses in the form of a higher 12B-1 fee, and a contingent deferred sales charge that only applies if the investor redeems shares before a specified period. The maximum A share sales load is decreased for larger investment amounts as a volume discount. H share(H股):A share of a mainland Chinese company listed on HKEx (the Hong Kong stock and derivatives exchange). representative office(代表处) is a performing of selected functions or roles of another physical or abstract object/person/organization in predefined circumstances and it is based on the consensus of the group/community involved. BOT (“Build-Operate-Transfer”的缩写，意指“建设—运营—移交”，是国际上基础设施建设方面常用的融资方式。)Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) is a form of project financing, wherein a private entity receives a franchise from the public sector to finance, design, construct, and operate a facility for a specified period, after which ownership is transferred back to the public sector. During the time that the project proponent operates the facility, it is allowed to charge facility users appropriate tolls, fees, rentals, and charges stated in their contract to enable the project proponent to recover its investment, and operating and maintenance expenses in the project. In some countries, such as Canada, the term used is Build-Operate-Own-Transfer (BOOT). BOT is now also used in the off-shoring and outsourcing of knowledge work. In these cases there is usually no government or public funding involved. Typically a Western customer contracts with an India or China vendor and the vendor builds and operates a customer call center or other business process for an extended period of time. But the client retains the right to take over the operate ("transfer") at any time based on certain conditions and certain payments to the offshore partner. T.O.T.("Transfer—Operate—Transfer“的缩写形式，意为移交——运营——移交，即政府将原有基础设施项目作价移交给出资方，由其在商定的时间内进行经营，取得投资回报，协定经营期满后，再无偿移交给当地政府。)