吃货201510
1. 表示各种组织或机构的缩略词 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织 IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克,石油输出国组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 2. 表示各种系统的缩略词 BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统 CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统 DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统 ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统 NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统 TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Euipment) 试验、测量与诊断设备 NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克,<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会 3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词 CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官 CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官 CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官 CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士 4. 有关金融方面的缩略词 ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机 CBD (Central Business District) 中央商务区 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值 5. 有关考试方面的缩略词 CET (College English Test) 大学英语等级考试 GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试 PETS (Public English Test System) 全国英语等级考试 6. 其他方面的缩略词 AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症,即艾滋病 AM (Amplitude Modulation) 调幅 APC (aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine; compound aspirin; heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine) 复方阿斯匹林 API (Air Pollution Index) 空气污染指数 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 码分多址,一种无线电发射和接受方式 CD (Compact Disc) 激光唱盘 CIP (Cataloguing in Publication)预编目录 DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑,缝制衣服,做贺卡等 DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘 EMS (Express Mail Service) 邮政特快专递 EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商 IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商 IT (Information Technology) 信息技术 OA (Office Automation) 办公自动化 OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) 原始设备制造商 PC (Personal Computer)个人计算机 PT (Particular Transfer) 特别转让 SOHO (Small Office Home Office) 小型家居办公室 SOS (Save Our Souls; radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp. by a ship or boat; urgent request for help from sb. in trouble) 国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号,也用于一般的求救或求助 ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理 VIP (Very Important Person) 要人 VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网网络聊天常用英语缩略词ASAP As soon as possible尽快 BF Boyfriend 男朋友 BTW By the way 随便说一下 BBL Be back later 稍后回来 BRB Be right back 很快回来 CU See you 再见 CUL See you later 下次再会 DIIK Damned if I known 我真的不知道 DS Dunce smiley 笨伯 FE For example 举例 FTF Face to face 面对面 FYI For your information 供参考 GF girlfriend 女朋友 IAE In any event无论如何 IC I see 我明白 ILY I love you 我爱你 IMHO In my humble opinion 依愚人之见 IMO In my opinion 依我所见 IOW In other words 换句话说 LOL laughing out loudly 大声笑 NRN No reply necessary 不必回信 OIC Oh, I see 哦,我知道 PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件 RSVP Reply if you please 请答复 TIA Thanks in advance 十分感谢 TTUL Talk to you later 以后再讲 TY Thank you 谢谢 VG very good 很好 WRT With respect to 关于 WYMM Will you marry me 愿意嫁给我吗 常见游戏名称英语缩略词大全ACT(Action,动作类游戏) ARPG(Action Role Play Game,动作角色扮演游戏) AVG(Adventure Game,冒险类游戏) DAN(Dance,跳舞类游戏,包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等) DC(Dreamcast,世嘉64位游戏机) ETC(etc,其它类游戏,包括模拟飞行) FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆) FPG(First Person Game,第一人称游戏) FTG(Fighting Game,格斗类游戏) GB(GameBoy,任天堂4位手提游戏机) GBC(GameBoy Color,任天堂手提16色游戏机) GG(GameGear,世嘉彩色手提游戏机) FC(Famicom,任天堂8位游戏机) fps(frames per second,帧/秒) FR(Frames Rate,游戏运行帧数) MAC(Macintosh,苹果电脑) N64(Nintendo64,任天堂64位游戏机) SFC(Super Famicom,超级任天堂16位游戏机) SLG(Simulation Game,模拟类游戏)SPG(SportsGames,运动类游戏) SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games,战略角色扮演游戏) STG(Shoot Game,射击类游戏) SS(Sega Saturn,世嘉土星32位游戏机) PC(Personal Computer,个人计算机) PS(PlayStation,索尼32位游戏机) PS(PocketStation,索尼手提游戏机) RAC(Race,赛车类游戏) RTS(RealTime Strategies,实时战略) RPG(Role Play Game,角色扮演游戏) TAB(Table Chess,桌棋类游戏) 外贸中常见英文缩略词1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表 31 INV (invoice)发票 32 PCT (percent)百分比 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 44 FOB (free on board)离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 补充: CR=credit贷方,债主 DR=debt借贷方 (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。) Exp=Expense花费,费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 VC=variable cost变动费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。) A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。) PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折
超超超级棒的
9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打 11 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT(weight)重量 13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 14 N.W.(net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA(each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o(without)没有 19 FAC(facsimile)传真 20 IMP(import)进口 21 EXP(export)出口 ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理 VIP (Very Important Person) 要人 VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网 ARPG(Action Role Play Game,动作角色扮演游戏) AVG(Adventure Game,冒险类游戏) DAN(Dance,跳舞类游戏,包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等) DC(Dreamcast,世嘉64位游戏机) ETC(etc,其它类游戏,包括模拟飞行) FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆) FPG(First Person Game,第一人称游戏) FTG(Fighting Game,格斗类游戏) GB(GameBoy,任天堂4位手提游戏机) GBC(GameBoy Color,任天堂手提16色游戏机) GG(GameGear,世嘉彩色手提游戏机) FC(Famicom,任天堂8位游戏机) fps(frames per second,帧/秒) FR(Frames Rate,游戏运行帧数) MAC(Macintosh,苹果电脑) N64(Nintendo64,任天堂64位游戏机) SFC(Super Famicom,超级任天堂16位游戏机) SLG(Simulation Game,模拟类游戏)SPG(SportsGames,运动类游戏) SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games,战略角色扮演游戏) STG(Shoot Game,射击类游戏) SS(Sega Saturn,世嘉土星32位游戏机) PC(Personal Computer,个人计算机) PS(PlayStation,索尼32位游戏机) PS(PocketStation,索尼手提游戏机) RAC(Race,赛车类游戏) RTS(RealTime Strategies,实时战略) RPG(Role Play Game,角色扮演游戏) TAB(Table Chess,桌棋类游戏) 外贸中常见英文缩略词 1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表 31 INV (invoice)发票 32 PCT (percent)百分比 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 44 FOB (free on board)离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 补充: CR=credit贷方,债主 DR=debt借贷方 (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。) Exp=Expense花费,费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 VC=variable cost变动费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。) A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。) PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折 The most common Latin words, abbreviations, and initialisms still in use are: A.D. (anno Domini), "in the year of the Lord". a.m. (ante meridiem), "before midday". c. & ca. (circa), "around (about, approximately)". cf. (confer) means "bring together" and hence "compare" (confer is the imperative of the Latin verb conferre) Example: "These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques (cf. Wilson, 1999 and Ansmann, 1992)." C.V. or CV (curriculum vitae), meaning "course of life". A document containing a summary or listing of relevant job experience and education. The exact usage of the term varies between British English and American English. cwt. (centum weight), "Hundredweight": [1] N.B. this uses a mixture of Latin and English abbreviation. D.D. (Divinitatis Doctor), "Doctor of Divinity": D.Lit. (Doctor Litterarum), "Doctor of Literature": D.M. (Doctor Medicinae), "Doctor of Medicine": D.V. (Deo volente), "God willing". DG, D.G. or DEI GRA (Dei gratia), "by the grace of God".[1] A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins. ead. (eadem): see id. below. et al. (et alii) means "and others", or "and co-workers".[1] It can also stand for et alia, "and other things". Example: "These results agree with the ones published by Pelon et al. (2002)." etc. (et cetera) (archaic abbreviations include &c. and &/c.) means "and the others", "and other things", "and the rest". Example: "I need to go to the store and buy some pie, milk, cheese, etc." e.g. (exempli gratia) means "for example", "for instance". Example: "The use of a sensor to measure the solar radiation, e.g. a sunphotometer, is necessary in this technique." fl. or flor. (floruit) means the period of time during which a person, school, movement or even species was active or flourishing (literally, "he/she/it flourished"). F D or FID DEF (fidei defensor), "defender of the faith". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins. ibid. (ibidem) means "in the same place (book, etc.)"[1], and is used in citations. It should not be confused with the following abbreviation. It is better pronounced ibídem, with stress on the second -i- (as it was in Latin). id. (idem) means "the same (man)".[1] It is used to avoid repeating the name of an author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) Note that if we are quoting an authoress we should use the corresponding feminine form, i.e. ead. (eadem), "the same (woman)" (eadem is pronounced with stress on the first e-). i.a. ("inter alia") means "among other things". Example: "Ernest Hemingway- author (i.a. 'The Sun Also Rises')" i.e. (id est) means "that is" or "in other words". Example: "For reasons not fully understood there is only a minor PSI contribution to the variable fluorescence emission of chloroplasts (Dau, 1994), i.e. the PSI fluorescence appears to be independent from the state of its reaction centre (Butler, 1978)." lb. (libra) means "scales", used to indicate the pound (mass). M.O. (modus operandi) means "method of operating". N.B. (nota bene) means "note well". Some people use "Note" for the same purpose.[1] Usually written with majuscule letters. Example: "N.B.: All the measurements have an accuracy of 5% as they were calibrated according to the procedure described by Jackson (1989)." nem. con. (nemine contradicente) means "with no-one speaking against". This does NOT mean "unanimously", but simply that nobody voted against - in other words, there may have been abstentions. p.a. (per annum) means "through a year", and is used in the sense of "yearly".[1] per cent. (per centum), "Per hundred": p.m. (post meridiem), "after midday". p.m.a. (post mortem auctoris) means "after the author's death". p.p. & per pro. (per procurationem), "through the agency of". PRN (pro re nata), "as needed" in relation to medication. pro tem. (pro tempore), "for the time being", temporarily, in place of.[1] P.S. (post scriptum) means "after what has been written"; it is used to indicate additions to a text after the signature. Q.D. (quaque die), "every day", used on medications to indicate when to take. Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum) means "which was to be demonstrated".[1] Cited in many texts at the end of a mathematical proof. q.v. (quod vide) means "which see".[1] Used after a term or phrase that should be looked up elsewhere in the current document or book. For more than one term or phrase, the plural is quae vide (qq.v.). Re (in re) means "in the matter of", or "concerning". Often used to prefix the subject of replies to memoranda and latterly, emails. REG (regina), "queen". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins minted when the reigning monarch is a queen. Rex, "king" (not an abbreviation) is used when the reigning monarch is a king. R.I.P. (requiescat in pace), "may he/she rest in peace": a short prayer for a dead person. It can also mean requiescant (plural) in pace, i.e. "may they" etc. sc. (scilicet) means "that is to say".[1][2] Sometimes abbreviated scil. It has mostly been replaced by "i.e." Example: "I was three sheets to the wind last night, sc. I was extremely intoxicated." s.o.s. ("si opus sit"), "if there is need", "if occasion require", "if necessary".[4] viz (videlicet) means "namely".[1] There is no full stop after viz because the -z shows the abbreviation. Some people use "i.e." for the same purpose. However, the use of i.e. can be wrong, as viz should be used, as in the following example, to precede a complete list when the group has already been named collectively. Example: "The noble gases, viz helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton and radon, show a non-expected behaviour when exposed to this new element." vs or v. (versus) means "against" (sometimes is not abbreviated). Example: "From Figure 1 that shows force (in newtons) vs. mass (in kilograms) we can derive the acceleration of the body." IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会 CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体 EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体 OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织 UN ← United Nations 联合国 OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船 GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间 字母也可以代表词的一部分,如: TV ← television 电视 CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘 CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计 IT ← information technology 现代信息技术 MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视 IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话 GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部 TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核 有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用,如: E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件 H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹 V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日 GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵 从应用来看,首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域,这里不能一一提及,仅举几个方面的例子来说明。 应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。 PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯 FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢 DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕 DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 m ← metre 公尺 cm ← centimetre 厘米 g ← gram 克 F ← fluorine 氟 U ← uranium 铀 专有名词也多有缩写,以新闻通讯社为例: AP ← Associated Press 美联社 UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社 AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社 DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社 USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处 ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社(意大利) MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词: C/O ← care of 烦……转交 P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言 S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡 LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片 VIP ← very important person 大人物 外来语也可以有首字母缩略词: RSVP ← (法语)Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复 KGB ← (俄语)Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃,原苏联的国家安全委员会 NHK ← (日语)Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司 特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词,在英语的书面语中已必不可少: e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上 i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等 viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见 有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现,如: G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳(英国戏剧家,1856-1950) L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊(美国第三十六任总统) VIP (very important person) 重要人物,有钱人或高层人士 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织 利用词的第一个字母代表一个词组的缩略词,就叫做首字母缩略词。一个典型例子是BBC,指British Broadcasting Corporation(英国广播公司)。早在罗马帝国时期,罗马远征军旗帜上的四个拉丁文字母子SRQR就可算作一个首字母缩略词,它代表Senatus Populusque Romanus (The Senate and the Roman People, 意思是"为元老院院和罗马人民而战")。但是首字缩略词的盛行,却是现代生活的产物。 从结构来看,首字经平缩略词可以用字母整个词,如: IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会 CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体 EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体 OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织 UN ← United Nations 联合国 OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定 GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船 GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间 字母也可以代表词的一部分,如: TV ← television 电视 CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘 CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计 IT ← information technology 现代信息技术 MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视 IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话 GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部 TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核 有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用,如: E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件 H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹 V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日 GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵 从应用来看,首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域,这里不能一一提及,仅举几个方面的例子来说明。 应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。 PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯 FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢 DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕 DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸 m ← metre 公尺 cm ← centimetre 厘米 g ← gram 克 F ← fluorine 氟 U ← uranium 铀 专有名词也多有缩写,以新闻通讯社为例: AP ← Associated Press 美联社 UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社 AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社 DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社 USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处 ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社(意大利) MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词: C/O ← care of 烦……转交 P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言 S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡 LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片 VIP ← very important person 大人物 外来语也可以有首字母缩略词: RSVP ← (法语)Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复 KGB ← (俄语)Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃,原苏联的国家安全委员会 NHK ← (日语)Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司 特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词,在英语的书面语中已必不可少: e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上 i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等 viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见 有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现,如: G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳(英国戏剧家,1856-1950) L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊(美国第三十六任总统) 1 CFR(cost and freight) 成本加运费价 2 T/T(telegraphic transfer) 电汇 3 D/P(document against payment) 付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance) 承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin) 一般原产地证 6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences) 普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons) 纸箱 8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces) 只、个、支等 9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars) 美元 10 DOZ/DZ(dozen) 一打 11 PKG(package) 一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT(weight) 重量 13 G.W.(gross weight) 毛重 14 N.W.(net weight) 净重 15 C/D (customs declaration) 报关单 16 EA(each) 每个,各 17 W (with) 具有 18 w/o(without) 没有 19 FAC(facsimile) 传真 20 IMP(import) 进口 21 EXP(export) 出口 22 MAX (maximum) 最大的、最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum) 最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium) 中等,中级的 25 M/V(merchant vessel) 商船 26 S.S(steamship) 船运 27 MT或M/T(metric ton) 公吨 28 DOC (document) 文件、单据 29 INT(international) 国际的 30 P/L (packing list) 装箱单、明细表 31 INV (invoice) 发票 32 PCT (percent) 百分比 33 REF (reference) 参考、查价 34 EMS (express mail special) 特快传递 35 STL.(style) 式样、款式、类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex) 电传 37 RMB(renminbi) 人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks) 装船标记 39 PR或PRC(price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase) 购买、购货 41 S/C(sales contract) 销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit) 信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading) 提单 44 FOB (free on board) 离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight) 成本、保险加运费价
先锋之家
在当今全球化进程中,国际文化交流日益频繁,语言之间相互渗透日益增多,英语中有大量的缩略词以其醒目、易记等特点,被汉语越来越多地直接借用。了解常用缩略词,对我们的英语学习会很有帮助。 英语缩略词的功能: 1. 表示各种组织或机构2. 表示各种系统3.表示有关职务或学位4. 表示有关金融方面的5. 表示有关考试方面6. 表示其他方面的英语缩略词的特点: 醒目、易记等.常用英文缩略词:e.g.=for example no.=number i.e.=that is etc.=et cetera 1st=first 2nd=second ∴=therefore ∵=because △=replace <less than &=and W/=with Building=bldg very expensive=v exp education=edu air-conditioner=a/c 1. 表示各种组织或机构的缩略词 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织 IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克,石油输出国组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 2. 表示各种系统的缩略词 BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统 CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统 DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统 ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统 NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统 TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Euipment) 试验、测量与诊断设备 NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克,<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会 3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词 CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官 CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官 CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官 CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士 4. 有关金融方面的缩略词 ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机 CBD (Central Business District) 中央商务区 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值 5. 有关考试方面的缩略词 CET (College English Test) 大学英语等级考试 GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试 PETS (Public English Test System) 全国英语等级考试 6. 其他方面的缩略词 AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症,即艾滋病 AM (Amplitude Modulation) 调幅 APC (aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine; compound aspirin; heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine) 复方阿斯匹林 API (Air Pollution Index) 空气污染指数 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 码分多址,一种无线电发射和接受方式 CD (Compact Disc) 激光唱盘 CIP (Cataloguing in Publication)预编目录 DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑,缝制衣服,做贺卡等 DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘 EMS (Express Mail Service) 邮政特快专递 EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商 IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商 IT (Information Technology) 信息技术 OA (Office Automation) 办公自动化 OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) 原始设备制造商 PC (Personal Computer)个人计算机 PT (Particular Transfer) 特别转让 SOHO (Small Office Home Office) 小型家居办公室 SOS (Save Our Souls; radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp. by a ship or boat; urgent request for help from sb. in trouble) 国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号,也用于一般的求救或求助 ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理 VIP (Very Important Person) 要人 VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网 网络聊天常用英语缩略词 ASAP As soon as possible尽快 BF Boyfriend 男朋友 BTW By the way 随便说一下 BBL Be back later 稍后回来 BRB Be right back 很快回来 CU See you 再见 CUL See you later 下次再会 DIIK Damned if I known 我真的不知道 DS Dunce smiley 笨伯 FE For example 举例 FTF Face to face 面对面 FYI For your information 供参考 GF girlfriend 女朋友 IAE In any event无论如何 IC I see 我明白 ILY I love you 我爱你 IMHO In my humble opinion 依愚人之见 IMO In my opinion 依我所见 IOW In other words 换句话说 LOL laughing out loudly 大声笑 NRN No reply necessary 不必回信 OIC Oh, I see 哦,我知道 PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件 RSVP Reply if you please 请答复 TIA Thanks in advance 十分感谢 TTUL Talk to you later 以后再讲 TY Thank you 谢谢 VG very good 很好 WRT With respect to 关于 WYMM Will you marry me 愿意嫁给我吗 常见游戏名称英语缩略词大全 ACT(Action,动作类游戏) ARPG(Action Role Play Game,动作角色扮演游戏) AVG(Adventure Game,冒险类游戏) DAN(Dance,跳舞类游戏,包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等) DC(Dreamcast,世嘉64位游戏机) ETC(etc,其它类游戏,包括模拟飞行) FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆) FPG(First Person Game,第一人称游戏) FTG(Fighting Game,格斗类游戏) GB(GameBoy,任天堂4位手提游戏机) GBC(GameBoy Color,任天堂手提16色游戏机) GG(GameGear,世嘉彩色手提游戏机) FC(Famicom,任天堂8位游戏机) fps(frames per second,帧/秒) FR(Frames Rate,游戏运行帧数) MAC(Macintosh,苹果电脑) N64(Nintendo64,任天堂64位游戏机) SFC(Super Famicom,超级任天堂16位游戏机) SLG(Simulation Game,模拟类游戏)SPG(SportsGames,运动类游戏) SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games,战略角色扮演游戏) STG(Shoot Game,射击类游戏) SS(Sega Saturn,世嘉土星32位游戏机) PC(Personal Computer,个人计算机) PS(PlayStation,索尼32位游戏机) PS(PocketStation,索尼手提游戏机) RAC(Race,赛车类游戏) RTS(RealTime Strategies,实时战略) RPG(Role Play Game,角色扮演游戏) TAB(Table Chess,桌棋类游戏) 外贸中常见英文缩略词 1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表 31 INV (invoice)发票 32 PCT (percent)百分比 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 44 FOB (free on board)离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 补充: CR=credit贷方,债主 DR=debt借贷方 (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。) Exp=Expense花费,费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 VC=variable cost变动费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。) A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。) PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折 回答者:真龙的传人 - 首席运营官 十三级 9-9 15:56外贸常用英文缩略词 1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表 31 INV (invoice)发票 32 PCT (percent)百分比 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 44 FOB (free on board)离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 补充: CR=credit贷方,债主 DR=debt借贷方 (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。) Exp=Expense花费,费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 VC=variable cost变动费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。) A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。) PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折 回答者:happy_jsp - 总监 八级 9-9 15:57C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个,各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表 31 INV (invoice)发票 32 PCT (percent)百分比 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 44 FOB (free on board)离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 补充: CR=credit贷方,债主 DR=debt借贷方 (注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的,你的银行卡,是你将钱放入银行,银行是“借贷方”,所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡,是你从银行或者财政公司借钱,银行或公司是“贷方”,所就叫credit。) Exp=Expense花费,费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 VC=variable cost变动费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款(销售后,记账以后收取。) A/P=account payable代付费(花费后记账,以后付费。) PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折 在当今全球化的进程中,国际文化交流日益频繁,语言之间相互渗透日益增多,英语中有大量的缩略词以其经济高效、醒目、易记等特点,被汉语越来越多地直接借用。缩略词(Abbreviation)是由词的音节加以省略或简化而成,它的词义不变,在中文交流中使用很广,了解常用缩略语的原形,将有助于我们更好地理解其中所要表达的思想,以下是我们常见的一些缩略词及其中文含义。 1. 各种组织或机构的缩略词 APEC(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经济合作组织 IOC(International Olympic Committee)国际奥林匹克组织 ISO(International Standard Organization)国际标准化组织 OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克,石油输出国组织 WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 SOS村(SOS children's village)一种专门收养孤儿的慈善机构 2. 各种系统的缩略词 BBS(bulletin board system)电子公告牌系统或(bulletin board service)电子公告服务 GPS(global positioning system)全球定位系统 GSM(global system for mobile communications)全球移动通信系统 CIMS(computer integrated manufacturing system)计算机集成制造系统 DOS(disc operating system)磁盘操作系统 GMDSS(global maritime distress and safety system)全球海上遇险与安全系统 ITS(intelligent transportation system)智能交通系统 NMD(National Missile Defense)国家导弹防御系统 TMD (theatre missile defense)战区导弹防御系统) NASDAQ(national association of securities dealers automated quotation)纳斯达克,(美)全国交易商自动报价系统协会 3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词 CEO(chief executive officer)首席执行官 CFO(chief finance officer)首席财务官 CGO(chief government officer)首席沟通官 CIO(chief information officer)首席信息官 COO(chief operating officer)首席运营官 CTO(chief technology officer)首席技术官 CPA(certified public accountant)注册会计师 MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士 MPA(Master of Public Administration)公共管理硕士 4. 金融方面的缩略词 ATM(automated teller machine)自动柜员机 CBD(central business district)中央商务区 GDP(gross domestic product)国内生产总值 GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值 5.考试方面的缩略词 CET(college English test)大学英语等级考试 GRE(graduate record examination in USA and other countries)美国等国家研究生入学资格考试 PETS(public English test system)全国英语等级考试 HSK(Hanyushuipingkaoshi; Chinese Standard Test)汉语水平考试 6. 其他方面的缩略词 AIDS(acquired immune deficiency syndrome) 获得性免疫缺陷综合症,即艾滋病 AM (amplitude modulation) 调幅 APC ( aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine; compound aspirin; heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine) 复方阿司匹林 API (air pollution index) 空气污染指数 CDMA (code division multiple access) 码分多址,一种最新的无线电发射和接受方式 CD (compact disc) 激光唱盘 CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory) 只读光盘 CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) 可擦写光盘 CIP (cataloguing in publication) 在版编目;预编目录.在图书出版前,由图书馆编目部门根据出版商提供的校样先行编目, 编目后将著录内容及标准格式交出版机构,将它印于图书的版权页上 DIY (do it yourself) 指自己动手装电脑,缝制衣服,做贺卡 DVD (digital video disc) 数字激光视盘 EMS (express mail service) 邮政特快专递 EQ (emotional quotient) 情商 IQ (intelligence quotient) 智商 ICU (intensive-care unit) 重症病房 IP (internet protocol) 网际协议 IT (imformation technology) 信息技术 OA (office automation) 办公自动化 OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始设备制造商 PC (personal computer) 个人计算机 PT (particular transfer) 特别转让 SCI (science citation index) 科学引文索引 SOHO (small office home office) 小型家居办公室 SOS (Save Our Souls; radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp. by a ship or boat; urgent request for help from sb. in trouble) 国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号,也用于一般的求救或求助 ST (special treatment) 特别处理 VIP (very important person) 要人 VOD (video on demand) 视频点播 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网 回答者:13760551 - 同进士出身 六级 9-9 15:58呵呵 真多 VIP=Very Important Person AM=上午 PM=下午 回答者:wjdio101 - 见习魔法师 三级 9-9 16:02AAMA 美国汽车制造商协会 ACEA 欧洲汽车制造商协会 AGMA 美国齿轮制造商协会 API 美国石油学会 ASTM 美国材料与试验协会 CCMC 欧洲共同市场汽车制造商协会(ACEA前身) CEC 欧洲协调委员会 CMA 美国化学品制造商协会 DIN 德国试验标准 EMA 美国发动机制造商协会 GB 中国国家试验标准 ILSAC 国际润滑油标准和批准委员会 ISO 国际标准化组织 JAMA 日本汽车制造商协会 JASE 日本汽车工程师协会 JASO 日本汽车标准化组织 JIS 日本工业标准 LMOA 美国机车保养员协会 NF 法国试验标准 NLGI 美国润滑脂协会 NMMA 美国船舶制造商协会 NPRA 美国石油炼制协会 SAE 美国汽车工程师协会 VG 粘度级别 WWW----万维网(World Wide Wdb); Http---超文本传输协议(Hypertext transfer protocol); FTP----文件传输协议(File Transfer Protocol); TCP----传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol); IP-----网际协议(Internet Protocol); ISP----网络服务提供商(Internet Service Provider); DNS----域名服务器(Domain Name Server); IE-----网络浏览器(Internet Explorer); OE-----邮件收发软件(Outlook Express); BBS----电子布告栏系统; OICQ---网上聊天工具; LAN----局域网(Local Area Network); MAN----城域网(Metropolitan Area Network); WAN----广域网(Wide Area Network); e.g. for example 例如附:清然英语缩略词翻译系统 V2.02 下载:
来去匆匆的我
etc的英文全称是etcetera,意思是以此类推、以及其他、诸如此类、等等。etcetera英 [et'setərə] 美 [et'setərə] 近义词and so on英 [ænd səʊ ɒn] 美 [ənd soʊ ɑːn] 怎么用etcetera?1、Et cetera是"and so forth", "and so on"或者"and other things"的缩写,也用于描述一系列没有一一列举的实物。比如:We could use cupcakes, cookies, etc. ,这句话说明他们可以使用任意种类的点心,也可以写成We could use cupcakes, cookies, and so on.其他的和et cetera意思一样的用法。你既可以用"and so on",你也可以用"..."来表示。无论你用哪种方式,它们的用法和意思都是一样的。2、牢记拼写方式和正确发音(et ˈset(ə)rə)。你也可以将它写成"Et Cetera"或"etc."。但是常用的拼法还是etc.。记住它的拼法,因为要是拼错的话会看起来很别扭。不要将它拼成 "ect"、"cet"或者其它,你不需要掌握所有的拼法,只要选择一个常用的就可以了。3、标标点符号。在"etc"的末尾有一个点(如果你用的是现代省略标点符号法就不要加点,它有专门的符号)。如果它出现在句子中你未说完的话,那么你还要加上一个逗号。如果已经是句子最后了,那就以句子的标点来结尾,不要再加别的标点了,要是还有话要说,那就再点一个逗号。比如:"They ate cookies, cakes, peanuts, fairy floss, etc., and it's little wonder they ended up with stomach aches."
少年卡米
IOC ← International Olympics Committee 国际奥委会CLS ← Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体EEC ← European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体OAU ← Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织UN ← United Nations 联合国OPEC ← Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织ISBN ← International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号GATT ← General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协定GEM ← Ground-Effect Machine 气垫船GMT ← Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间字母也可以代表词的一部分,如:TV ← television 电视CD ← compact disk 激光唱盘CAD ← computer assisted design 计算机辅助设计IT ← information technology 现代信息技术MTV ← MUSICTV 音乐电视IDD ← international direct dial 国际直拨电话GHQ ← General Headquarters 总司令部TB ← tuberculosis 肺结核有的缩略词还可以和其它词连用,如:E-mail ← electric mail 电子邮件H-bomb ← hydrogen bomb 氢弹V-Day ← Victory Day 第二次世界大战胜利日GI Jane ← Government Issue Jane 美国女兵从应用来看,首字母缩略词几乎遍及所有领域,这里不能一一提及,仅举几个方面的例子来说明。应用最为广泛的科学技术各个专业。PVC ← Polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯FRP ← fibre glass reinforced plastic 玻璃钢DDT ← dicvhloro-diphenyl-tricchloroethane 滴滴涕DNA ← deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸m ← metre 公尺cm ← centimetre 厘米g ← gram 克F ← fluorine 氟U ← uranium 铀专有名词也多有缩写,以新闻通讯社为例:AP ← Associated Press 美联社UPI ← United Press International 合众国际社AFP ← Agence Francaine de Press 法新社DPA ← Deutsche Press Agentur 德新社USIS ← United States Information Service 美国新闻处ANSA ← Agenzia Nationale Stampa Asssociata 安莎社(意大利)MENA ← Middle East News Agency 中东社 日常生活中也有不少首字母缩写词:C/O ← care of 烦……转交P.S. ← postscript(信未)附言S/M/W ← Single/married/widow(er)(表格上)未婚/已婚/鳏寡LP ← long-playing records 密纹唱片VIP ← very important person 大人物外来语也可以有首字母缩略词:RSVP ← (法语)Reponde s'il vous plait (书信用)盼复KGB ← (俄语)Komissija Gosudarstvennoj Bezopastnosti克格勃,原苏联的国家安全委员会NHK ← (日语)Nippon Hoso Kyokai日本广播公司特别是来自拉丁语的首当其冲字母缩略词,在英语的书面语中已必不可少:e.g. ← exampli gratia 例如 i.d. ← idem 同上i.e. ← id ext 即 etc. ← et cetra 等等viz ← videlicet也就是说 v. ← vide参见有些名人的姓名也经常以首字母缩略词的形式出现,如:G.B.S. ← George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳(英国戏剧家,1856-1950)L.B.J. ← Lyndon Baines Johnson约翰逊(美国第三十六任总统)