大学英语etc

ASP常见缩略词全写及中文含义 WWW----World Wide Web(万维网) URL----Uniform Resource Locator(统一资源定位符) HTTP----Hyper Text Transfer Protocol(超文本传输协议) HTML----Hyper Text Markup Language(超文本标记语言) XML----Extensible Markup Language(可扩展标记语言) ODBC----Open DataBase Connectivity(开放数据库连接标准) DLL----Dynamic Link Library(动态链接库) DAO----Data Access Objects(数据连接对象) RDO----Remote Data Objects(远程数据对象) ADO----Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects(动态数据对象) SQL----Structured Query Language(结构化查询语言) CGI----Common Gateway Interface(公共网关接口) API----Application Programming Interface(应用程序编程接口) ASP----Active Server Pages(动态服务页面) PHP----Personal HomePage(个人主页) JSP----Java Server Pages ColdFusion SSI----Server-Side Include(服务器端包含) DOM----Document Object Model(文档对象模型) IIS----Internet Information Server(网络信息服务) IP----Internet Protocol(网际协议) TCP----Transmission Control Protocol(传输控制协议) IE----Internet Explorer(浏览器) CSS----Cascading Style Sheet(层叠式样式表) VBScript----Microsoft Visual Basic Script Edition ISDN----综合业务数字网 Web FTP SMTP MMC----管理控制台 常见外贸英语缩略词 1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等 9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打 11 PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 12 WT(weight)重量 13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 14 N.W.(net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA(each)每个，各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o(without)没有 19 FAC(facsimile)传真 20 IMP(import)进口 21 EXP(export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度 网络聊天常用英语缩略词

1. 表示各种组织或机构的缩略词 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经贸合作组织 IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克，石油输出国组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 2. 表示各种系统的缩略词 BBS (Bulletin Board System) 电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS (Global Position System) 全球定位系统 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) 全球移动通信系统 CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System) 计算机集成制造系统 DOS (Disc Operating System) 磁盘操作系统 ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) 智能交通系统 NMD (National Missile Defense) 国家导弹防御系统 TMDE (Test, Measure and Diagnostic Euipment) 试验、测量与诊断设备 NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) 纳斯达克，<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会 3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词 CEO (Chief Executive Officer) 首席执行官 CFO (Chief Finance Officer) 首席财务官 CIO (Chief Information Officer) 首席信息官 COO (Chief Operating Officer) 首席运行官 CTO (Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA (Certified Public Accountant) 注册会计师 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 MPA (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士 4. 有关金融方面的缩略词 ATM (Automated Teller Machine) 自动取款(出纳)机 CBD (Central Business District) 中央商务区 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值 5. 有关考试方面的缩略词 CET (College English Test) 大学英语等级考试 GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试 PETS (Public English Test System) 全国英语等级考试 6. 其他方面的缩略词 AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) 获得性免疫功能丧失综合症，即艾滋病 AM (Amplitude Modulation) 调幅 APC (aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine; compound aspirin; heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine) 复方阿斯匹林 API (Air Pollution Index) 空气污染指数 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 码分多址，一种无线电发射和接受方式 CD (Compact Disc) 激光唱盘 CIP (Cataloguing in Publication)预编目录 DIY (Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑，缝制衣服，做贺卡等 DVD (Digital Video Disc) 数字化视频光盘 EMS (Express Mail Service) 邮政特快专递 EQ (Emotional Quotient) 情商 IQ (Intelligence Quotient) 智商 IT (Information Technology) 信息技术 OA (Office Automation) 办公自动化 OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) 原始设备制造商 PC (Personal Computer)个人计算机 PT (Particular Transfer) 特别转让 SOHO (Small Office Home Office) 小型家居办公室 SOS (Save Our Souls; radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp. by a ship or boat; urgent request for help from sb. in trouble) 国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号，也用于一般的求救或求助 ST (Special Treatment) 特别处理 VIP (Very Important Person) 要人 VOD (Video on Demand) 视频点播 WWW (World Wide Web) 万维网 网络聊天常用英语缩略词 ASAP As soon as possible尽快 BF Boyfriend 男朋友 BTW By the way 随便说一下 BBL Be back later 稍后回来 BRB Be right back 很快回来 CU See you 再见 CUL See you later 下次再会 DIIK Damned if I known 我真的不知道 DS Dunce smiley 笨伯 FE For example 举例 FTF Face to face 面对面 FYI For your information 供参考 GF girlfriend 女朋友 IAE In any event无论如何 IC I see 我明白 ILY I love you 我爱你 IMHO In my humble opinion 依愚人之见 IMO In my opinion 依我所见 IOW In other words 换句话说 LOL laughing out loudly 大声笑 NRN No reply necessary 不必回信 OIC Oh, I see 哦,我知道 PEM Privacy enhanced mail 保密邮件 RSVP Reply if you please 请答复 TIA Thanks in advance 十分感谢 TTUL Talk to you later 以后再讲 TY Thank you 谢谢 VG very good 很好 WRT With respect to 关于 WYMM Will you marry me 愿意嫁给我吗 常见游戏名称英语缩略词大全 ACT(Action，动作类游戏) ARPG(Action Role Play Game，动作角色扮演游戏) AVG(Adventure Game，冒险类游戏) DAN(Dance，跳舞类游戏，包括跳舞机、吉他机、打鼓机等) DC(Dreamcast，世嘉64位游戏机) ETC(etc，其它类游戏，包括模拟飞行) FFJ(Force Feedback Joystick(力量反匮式操纵杆) FPG(First Person Game，第一人称游戏) FTG(Fighting Game，格斗类游戏) GB(GameBoy，任天堂4位手提游戏机) GBC(GameBoy Color，任天堂手提16色游戏机) GG(GameGear，世嘉彩色手提游戏机) FC(Famicom，任天堂8位游戏机) fps(frames per second，帧/秒) FR(Frames Rate，游戏运行帧数) MAC(Macintosh，苹果电脑) N64(Nintendo64，任天堂64位游戏机) SFC(Super Famicom，超级任天堂16位游戏机) SLG(Simulation Game，模拟类游戏)SPG(SportsGames，运动类游戏) SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games，战略角色扮演游戏) STG(Shoot Game，射击类游戏) SS(Sega Saturn，世嘉土星32位游戏机) PC(Personal Computer，个人计算机) PS(PlayStation，索尼32位游戏机) PS(PocketStation，索尼手提游戏机) RAC(Race，赛车类游戏) RTS(RealTime Strategies，实时战略) RPG(Role Play Game，角色扮演游戏) TAB(Table Chess，桌棋类游戏) 外贸中常见英文缩略词 1 C&F (cost&freight)成本加运费价 2 T/T (telegraphic transfer)电汇 3 D/P (document against payment)付款交单 4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 6 G.S.P. (generalized system of preferences)普惠制 7 CTN/CTNS (carton/cartons)纸箱 8 PCE/PCS (piece/pieces)只、的个、的支等 9 DL/DLS (dollar/dollars)美元 10 DOZ/DZ (dozen)一打 11 PKG (package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 12 WT (weight)重量 13 G.W. (gross weight)毛重 14 N.W. (net weight)净重 15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单 16 EA (each)每个，各 17 W (with)具有 18 w/o (without)没有 19 FAC (facsimile)传真 20 IMP (import)进口 21 EXP (export)出口 22 MAX (maximum)最大的、的最大限度的 23 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度 24 M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的 25 M/V (merchant vessel)商船 26 S.S (steamship)船运 27 MT或M/T (metric ton)公吨 28 DOC (document)文件、的单据 29 INT (international)国际的 30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、的明细表 31 INV (invoice)发票 32 PCT (percent)百分比 33 REF (reference)参考、的查价 34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递 35 STL. (style)式样、的款式、的类型 36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 37 RMB (renminbi)人民币 38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 39 PR或PRC (price) 价格 40 PUR (purchase)购买、的购货 41 S/C (sales contract)销售确认书 42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证 43 B/L (bill of lading)提单 44 FOB (free on board)离岸价 45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、的保险加运费价 补充： CR=credit贷方，债主 DR=debt借贷方 （注意：国外常说的debt card，就是银行卡，credit card就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的，你的银行卡，是你将钱放入银行，银行是“借贷方”，所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡，是你从银行或者财政公司借钱，银行或公司是“贷方”，所就叫credit。） Exp=Expense花费，费用 O/H=overhead常用开支 TC=total cost总费用 FC=fixed cost常设费用 VC=variable cost变动费用 P=profit竟利润 S=sales销售总额 Rev=revenue利润 MC=marginal cost费用差额 GM=gross margin毛利 MR=marginal revenue利润差额 A/R=acount receivable待收款（销售后，记账以后收取。） A/P=account payable代付费（花费后记账，以后付费。） PMT=payment支付款 N/I=net income纯收入 AMT=amount数额 DCT=discount打折

四六级只有在校大学生或者研究生可以考。毕业后就不能考四六级了，而是考社会上认证的学士英语。大学英语四六级其实并没有多大难度，只要掌握好高中英语，过线是没有问题的，比如有的人基础本来是不好的，高中英语成绩才是中等水平，但是上大学后找了外教辅导，并且每天坚持学习英语四级的知识点，针对考试强化训练，到最后考试过线了，所以还是要坚持学习。另外大学生四六级报考条件如下：

1、考生限于四年制或四年制以上的本科或研专究生，属按教学大纲要求完成大学英语四级考试。

2、同一学历的大学生、硕士研究生，经所在学校同意，可以到校报考。

3、夜校或函授大学的同等学历的学生，经学校同意，可以到校报考。

四六级只有在校大学生或者研究生可以考。毕业后就不能考四六级了，而是考社会上认证的学士英语。

大学英语四六级其实并没有多大难度，只要掌握好高中英语，过线是没有问题的，比如有的人基础本来是不好的，高中英语成绩才是中等水平，但是上大学后找了外教辅导，并且每天坚持学习英语四级的知识点，针对考试强化训练，到最后考试过线了，所以还是要坚持学习。另外大学生四六级报考条件如下：

1、考生限于四年制或四年制以上的本科或研专究生，属按教学大纲要求完成大学英语四级考试。2、同一学历的大学生、硕士研究生，经所在学校同意，可以到校报考。3、夜校或函授大学的同等学历的学生，经学校同意，可以到校报考。

The most common Latin words, abbreviations, and initialisms still in use are:A.D. (anno Domini), "in the year of the Lord".a.m. (ante meridiem), "before midday". c. & ca. (circa), "around (about, approximately)".cf. (confer) means "bring together" and hence "compare" (confer is the imperative of the Latin verb conferre) Example: "These results were similar to those obtained using different techniques (cf. Wilson, 1999 and Ansmann, 1992)." C.V. or CV (curriculum vitae), meaning "course of life". A document containing a summary or listing of relevant job experience and education. The exact usage of the term varies between British English and American English. cwt. (centum weight), "Hundredweight": [1] N.B. this uses a mixture of Latin and English abbreviation. D.D. (Divinitatis Doctor), "Doctor of Divinity": D.Lit. (Doctor Litterarum), "Doctor of Literature": D.M. (Doctor Medicinae), "Doctor of Medicine": D.V. (Deo volente), "God willing". DG, D.G. or DEI GRA (Dei gratia), "by the grace of God".[1] A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins. ead. (eadem): see id. below. et al. (et alii) means "and others", or "and co-workers".[1] It can also stand for et alia, "and other things". Example: "These results agree with the ones published by Pelon et al. (2002)." etc. (et cetera) (archaic abbreviations include &c. and &/c.) means "and the others", "and other things", "and the rest".Example: "I need to go to the store and buy some pie, milk, cheese, etc." e.g. (exempli gratia) means "for example", "for instance".Example: "The use of a sensor to measure the solar radiation, e.g. a sunphotometer, is necessary in this technique." fl. or flor. (floruit) means the period of time during which a person, school, movement or even species was active or flourishing (literally, "he/she/it flourished").F D or FID DEF (fidei defensor), "defender of the faith". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins. ibid. (ibidem) means "in the same place (book, etc.)"[1], and is used in citations. It should not be confused with the following abbreviation. It is better pronounced ibídem, with stress on the second -i- (as it was in Latin). id. (idem) means "the same (man)".[1] It is used to avoid repeating the name of an author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) Note that if we are quoting an authoress we should use the corresponding feminine form, i.e. ead. (eadem), "the same (woman)" (eadem is pronounced with stress on the first e-). i.a. ("inter alia") means "among other things". Example: "Ernest Hemingway- author (i.a. 'The Sun Also Rises')" i.e. (id est) means "that is" or "in other words".Example: "For reasons not fully understood there is only a minor PSI contribution to the variable fluorescence emission of chloroplasts (Dau, 1994), i.e. the PSI fluorescence appears to be independent from the state of its reaction centre (Butler, 1978)." lb. (libra) means "scales", used to indicate the pound (mass).M.O. (modus operandi) means "method of operating". N.B. (nota bene) means "note well". Some people use "Note" for the same purpose.[1] Usually written with majuscule letters. Example: "N.B.: All the measurements have an accuracy of 5% as they were calibrated according to the procedure described by Jackson (1989)." nem. con. (nemine contradicente) means "with no-one speaking against". This does NOT mean "unanimously", but simply that nobody voted against - in other words, there may have been abstentions. p.a. (per annum) means "through a year", and is used in the sense of "yearly".[1] per cent. (per centum), "Per hundred": p.m. (post meridiem), "after midday".p.m.a. (post mortem auctoris) means "after the author's death". p.p. & per pro. (per procurationem), "through the agency of". PRN (pro re nata), "as needed" in relation to medication. pro tem. (pro tempore), "for the time being", temporarily, in place of.[1] P.S. (post scriptum) means "after what has been written"; it is used to indicate additions to a text after the signature. Q.D. (quaque die), "every day", used on medications to indicate when to take. Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum) means "which was to be demonstrated".[1] Cited in many texts at the end of a mathematical proof. q.v. (quod vide) means "which see".[1] Used after a term or phrase that should be looked up elsewhere in the current document or book. For more than one term or phrase, the plural is quae vide (qq.v.). Re (in re) means "in the matter of", or "concerning". Often used to prefix the subject of replies to memoranda and latterly, emails. REG (regina), "queen". A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British coins minted when the reigning monarch is a queen. Rex, "king" (not an abbreviation) is used when the reigning monarch is a king. R.I.P. (requiescat in pace), "may he/she rest in peace": a short prayer for a dead person. It can also mean requiescant (plural) in pace, i.e. "may they" etc. sc. (scilicet) means "that is to say".[1][2] Sometimes abbreviated scil. It has mostly been replaced by "i.e." Example: "I was three sheets to the wind last night, sc. I was extremely intoxicated." s.o.s. ("si opus sit"), "if there is need", "if occasion require", "if necessary".[4] viz (videlicet) means "namely".[1] There is no full stop after viz because the -z shows the abbreviation. Some people use "i.e." for the same purpose. However, the use of i.e. can be wrong, as viz should be used, as in the following example, to precede a complete list when the group has already been named collectively. Example: "The noble gases, viz helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton and radon, show a non-expected behaviour when exposed to this new element." vs or v. (versus) means "against" (sometimes is not abbreviated). Example: "From Figure 1 that shows force (in newtons) vs. mass (in kilograms) we can derive the acceleration of the body."

非专业英语等级考试的缩写是（B） CET根据排除法：A. TEDTED（指Technology, Entertainment, Design在英语中的缩写，即技术、娱乐、设计）是美国的一家私有非营利机构，该机构以它组织的TED大会著称，这个会议的宗旨是“传播一切值得传播的创意”。TED诞生于1984年，其发起人是理查德·索·乌曼。2001年起，克里斯·安德森接管TED，创立了种子基金会（The Sapling Foundation），并运营TED大会。每年3月，TED大会在北美召集众多科学、设计、文学、音乐等领域的杰出人物，分享他们关于技术、社会、人的思考和探索。B. CETCET一般指大学英语四六级考试。C. TEMTEM一般指专业英语考试。D. ETCETC（Electronic Toll Collection）是电子不停车收费系统。通过安装在车辆挡风玻璃上的车载电子标签与收费站ETC专用车道上的微波天线之间进行的专用短程通讯，利用计算机联网技术与银行后台结算处理，从而达到车辆通过高速公路或桥梁收费站不停车而能够缴纳高速公路或桥梁费用的目的。