英语生平介绍

贝多芬生平简介 贝多芬LUDWIG VON BEETHOVERR (1770-1827)是十八世纪后年叶以来世界最著名的德国音乐家。1770年生于德国 莱茵河畔的波恩城。他的祖父原是荷兰籍，移居德国后，曾任当地宫廷乐长。父亲是个男高 音歌手，母亲是宫廷御厨的女儿。父亲从小就逼迫他学琴。他13岁任宫廷乐队大键琴手， 14岁任宫廷管风琴师,18岁任歌剧乐队中提琴手。1792年，海顿见到他，获准成为起学生。 1795年首次在维也纳以作曲家及钢琴家身份登台。1798-1800年除教授钢琴外，埋头作曲。 1800年4月举行作品音乐会，确立了作曲家的地位.此时，听力逐渐衰退，因耳聋的恐惧和 失恋，1802年欲自杀，后终于克服危机，振奋精神，继续作曲。 贝多芬音乐的创作风格，大致经历了三个阶段：（1）早期（波恩时期：1782-1792）其作品可以看到巴赫、海顿和莫扎特的影响。并为以后的创作积累了大量的素材。（2）中期（维也纳时期：1793-1808）此时创作的奏鸣曲和管弦乐曲，大大加强了作品的戏剧性，充分发展和完善了古典奏鸣曲式的结构和功能，显示出贝多芬的创作已完全成熟，并具独特的个性。（3）晚期（维也纳后期：1809-1827）音乐风格有明显的转变。作品规模缩小，主题带有歌唱性，增强了抒情性。呈现出浪漫主义的音乐风格。 贝多芬是人类艺术上最伟大的创造者之一。他一方面有着卓越的音乐天斌、炽热的叛逆气质和巨人般的坚强性格；另一方面他那百折不挠的意志和对社会的责任感而产生的崇高思想，形成他作为一个音乐家的特殊品质。他通过自己的创作，特别在他的九部交响曲中，反映了那个时代伟大的人民运动和最进步的思想。他以时代和个人的命运为题，通过深刻的哲理和感人的艺术形象相结合，写出了一系列交响乐作品，表现了从斗争到胜利、从黑暗到光明、从苦难到快乐的资产阶级上升时期的精神历程，他的九首交响曲像珍珠一样永远闪闪发光。 通过对贝多芬九首交响曲的研究和分析，特别是其中四首(即第三、五、六、九首)标题性交响曲的剖析，我们不仅可以了解贝多芬全部创作的基本面貌和他那伟大而纯真的思想，而且可以了解到交响乐创作上的重大革新，可以看到交响乐是如何从海顿、莫扎特时代过渡到以舒柏特、门德尔逊为代表的新发展时期。早在贝多芬在世时他就已被公认是具有世界意义的音乐家，他既是伟大的古典作曲家，又以浪漫派的先驱而载入史册。 贝多芬代表作品有《悲怆》奏鸣曲、《月光》奏鸣曲、《命运交响曲》（即第五交响曲）、《合唱交响曲》（即第九交响曲）等。 贝多芬的主要作品有：交响曲9首，序曲3首，钢琴协奏曲5首，小提琴协奏曲1首，弦乐四重奏19首，弦乐五重奏4首，钢琴三重奏8首，小提琴奏鸣曲10首，大提琴奏鸣曲4首，钢琴奏鸣曲32首，钢琴变奏曲20首， 钢琴小品24首，进行曲3首。此外，还有歌剧、清唱剧、康塔塔、弥撒曲、歌曲等Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, to Johann van Beethoven (1740-1792), of Flemish origins, and Magdalena Keverich van Beethoven (1744-1787). Beethoven's first music teacher was his father, who worked as a musician in the Electoral court at Bonn, but was also an alcoholic who beat him and unsuccessfully attempted to exhibit him as a child prodigy. However, Beethoven's talent was soon noticed by others. He was given instruction and employment by Christian Gottlob Neefe, as well as financial sponsorship by the Prince-Elector. Beethoven's mother died when he was 17, and for several years he was responsible for raising his two younger brothers. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792, where he studied with Joseph Haydn and other teachers. He quickly established a reputation as a piano virtuoso, and more slowly as a composer. He settled into the career pattern he would follow for the remainder of his life: rather than working for the church or a noble court (as most composers before him had done), he was a freelancer, supporting himself with public performances, sales of his works, and stipends from noblemen who recognized his ability. Beethoven's career as a composer is usually divided into Early, Middle, and Late periods. In the Early period, he is seen as emulating his great predecessors Haydn and Mozart, at the same time exploring new directions and gradually expanding the scope and ambition of his work. Some important pieces from the Early period are the first and second symphonies, the first six string quartets, the first two piano concertos, and about a dozen piano sonatas, including the famous "Pathétique". The Middle period began shortly after Beethoven's personal crisis centering around his realisation that he was losing his hearing, and is noted for large-scale works expressing heroism and struggle; these include many of the most famous works of classical music. The Middle period works include six symphonies (Nos. 3 - 8), the last three piano concertos and his only violin concerto, six string quartets (Nos. 7 - 11), many piano sonatas (including the "Moonlight", "Waldstein", and "Appassionata"), and Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio. Beethoven's Late period began around 1816 and lasted until Beethoven ceased to compose in 1826. The late works are greatly admired for their intellectual depth and their intense, highly personal expression. They include the Ninth Symphony (the "Choral"), the Missa Solemnis, the last six string quartets and the last five piano sonatas. Beethoven's personal life was troubled. Around age 28 he started to become deaf, a calamity which led him for some time to contemplate suicide. He was attracted to unattainable (married or aristocratic) women, whom he idealized; he never married. A period of low productivity from about 1812 to 1816 is thought by some scholars to have been the result of depression, resulting from Beethoven's realization that he would never marry. Beethoven quarreled, often bitterly, with his relatives and others, and frequently behaved badly to other people. He moved often from dwelling to dwelling, and had strange personal habits such as wearing filthy clothing while washing compulsively. He often had financial troubles, but such had been the life of most professional composers since his time. It is common for listeners to perceive an echo of Beethoven's life in his music, which often depicts struggle followed by triumph. This description is often applied to Beethoven's creation of masterpieces in the face of his severe personal difficulties. Beethoven was often in poor health, and in 1826 his health took a drastic turn for the worse. His death in the following year is usually attributed to liver disease.

Biography for Daniel RadcliffeBirth name Daniel Jacob RadcliffeNickname DanHeight 5' 5½" (1.66 m)Mini biographyDaniel Jacob Radcliffe was born on July 23rd, 1989 to Alan Radcliffe and Marcia Gresham. He began performing in small school productions as a young boy. Soon enough, he landed a role in David Copperfield (1999) (TV), as the young David Copperfield. A couple of years later, he landed a role as Mark Pendel in The Tailor of Panama (2001), the son of Harry and Louisa Pendel (Geoffrey Rush and Jamie Lee Curtis). Curtis had indeed pointed out to Daniel's mother that he could be Harry Potter himself. Soon afterwards, Daniel was cast as Harry Potter by director, Chris Columbus in the film that hit theaters in November 16, 2001, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001). He was recognized worldwide after this film was released. Pleasing audiences and critics everywhere, filming on its sequel, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) commenced shortly afterwards. He appeared again as Harry in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) directed by Alfonso Cuarón, and will also be in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005).Now being one of the world's most recognizable people, Daniel leads a somewhat normal life. He has made friends working on the Harry Potter films, which include his co-stars Rupert Grint and Emma Watson. Hopefully, he will continue his blossoming acting career and be truly brilliant.Likes to play pranks. He took co-star Robbie Coltrane's cellular phone and changed it so all the messages were in Turkish.Has two border terriers named Binka and Nugget.Tried reading the first Harry Potter book when he was 8 years old, but was unable to finish it. Finally read the entire book when he was cast in the lead role of the filmHas never actually seen the film The Tailor of Panama (2001) in which he appeared.His favorite book from the Harry Potter series so far is number three, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.Although he loves to play Playstation, listen to music (some of his faves are The Stereophonics, R.E.M. and U2), and write, he's also very active and energetic. He loves to run and enjoys football (soccer) and other sports.In February 2002, he was nominated for, and won "Best Newcomer" at the Variety Club 'Award' ceremonies.Received the Sir James Carreras Award For Outstanding New Talent for his role in Harry Potter at The Variety Club Showbusiness Awards 2002.Voted Person of the Year 2002 by Time Kids.Has stated that 12 Angry Men (1957) is the first black & white film he ever saw and is also his favorite film.He also named Jane's Addiction, Libertines, The, Rage Against the Machine and Darkness, The among his favourite bands.The casting agent for the Harry Potter films was one of his father's friends and when he saw Daniel he thought he looked perfect for the part after almost giving up. Daniel auditioned for, and got the part, that he is now most recognized for, Harry Potter.He enjoys listening to the music of Blur, Muse, The Music , Zwan and Brendan Benson.A February 23, 2004 article in British newspaper 'The Sun' listed him as Britain's third richest teenager behind only Prince Harry Windsor and Charlotte Church. He is said to be worth 5 million pounds.Has earned 6 million pounds so far portraying Harry Potter, making him the second richest teenage in Britain behind Prince Harry Windsor's 14 million pounds. [2004]Can rotate his arm at a 360 degree angle.Is a big fan of Gary Oldman, his co-star in the latest film in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004).A fan of Fulham Football Club.He is a fan of Red Hot Chili Peppers and attended their London concert in June 2004.Plays the bass guitar.Some of his favorite music groups are Stratovarius (Finland), Huey Lewis and The News (USA), and Tom Robinson (England).Favourite actors include Cameron Diaz, Scarlett Johansson and Ben Stiller.He originally disliked the "Harry Potter" books when he first read them.Especially like the music group the Sex Pistols. He also plays the bass guitar.He is a fan of indie rock. Some of his favourite bands include: The Zutons, Razorlight, The Libertines, Bloc Party, Hope of the states, The Futureheads and Kaiser Chiefs.Delays between filming the second and third Harry Potter movies were caused because his parents wanted him to be able to attend normal school for a while.Says he doesn't read any articles or reviews about himself or his movies.He supports Demelza House Children's Hospice, which is a charity that cares for terminally-ill children in the Kent, East Sussex and South London areas of Britain. Dan always asks his fans to donate to the charity every Christmas and on his birthday instead of sending him gifts. In the book, 'Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince', the author JK Rowling named the character Demelza Robins after the charity.He likes the music of The Strokes, The Clash, and The Pixies.Is studying English Literature, History, and Religion and Philosophy for his AS levels (English high school exams) as he entered 12th Year in September 2005.Personal quotesAfter being cast as Harry Potter: "I think I'm a tiny bit like Harry 'cos I'd like to have an owl. Yeah, that's the tiny bit, actually.""I don't know. People tell me I look mournful. They say, "Cheer up, Dan, it's not that bad!" Sometimes I just look into space, which freaks people out. If I was ever required to do anything other than look haunted, I could. I'm a happy person. Though I don't, like, dot my "I's" with hearts or anything - that would be too happy.""I'm not much of a cake person.""But I don't think it's going to happen. I don't think I'll do all of them - I'll probably get too spotty or too tall or I'll shrink or something.""Absolutely. 100 percent." [on believing in magic]"I was in the bath at the time, and my dad came running in and said, 'Guess who they want to play Harry Potter!?' and I started to cry. It was probably the best moment of my life.""I'm not clumsy, I'm just accident prone."Upon seeing the movie: "I'm a bit nervous about whether people will like it, but I've seen it, and I'm sure they will. It's really good - it's quite scary, it's quite emotional. Even I cried and I don't cry easily! I cried at the end credits when my name came up, and I was, like, Oh my God! I can't believe that's my name! I've met so many people since we started filming and it's been wonderful. I've progressed so far and changed so much since the beginning. It's been like a real journey."On considering himself as a heartthrob: "Personally I can't see it, but if other people can, fine. Cool!""I would consider doing any part as long as the script is good and the film has an interesting director.""I like them, but it's hard to concentrate when the bats fly about, and they pee while they fly." [about the bats on the set]"I've never been one of the cool people at school, but then again, I don't get the people who are cool. It's not that I don't like them, it's just that they don't interest me.""Too many little numbers on one page!" - about math"Stage is much more intimidating than going before the cameras, because you can really screw up, and can't do a retake.""When I go back to school everyone asks a lot of questions. Then, after about a week, when I've answered everything, we get back to normal.""It's too far down the road to decide about a fifth movie. I'm still the same age Harry is, and I haven't actually grown that much.""Fans are really important for me. And if they take pains to write me, it's the minimum that I answer myself.""I think I'm highly normal. I'm attending school after acting, I'm going out with friends, going to the cinema - I'm just doing everything a normal teenager does. People think I can't leave the house without being in a crowd of fans - but that's not true. I'm able to do more things than people might think.""I'm thrilled of the acceptance I get abroad. The people are so hearty, warm and grateful and I feel privileged having seen so many countries and some of the greatest monuments.""When I get into trouble at school I'd like to take an invisibility cloak, drape it over me and sneak out the door. Or I'd like to have a 3 headed-dog because then no one would argue with me""I played a trick on the make-up department where I put a fake blood capsule in my mouth, pretended to trip on the stairs and let the blood come out of my mouth. They really fell for it, then they chased after me with a water pistol.""Everyone on the set has a mobile phone, and I found by pushing a few buttons, they could be programmed into different languages. I fixed Robbie's (Coltrane) to speak in Turkish.""I don't understand girls, but I'm slowly learning."[on saying that he'll do all of the Harry Potter movies] "Ultimately it comes down to whether we're still enjoying it. If we are then I think we would be sort of stupid not to do them. As long as I'm doing other stuff around the same time, I think it'll be fine. Also, I sort of try to read the books when they come out impartially and not make up my mind, but the fact is when I was reading the sixth, Harry Potter And The Half-Blood Prince, there were bits in there where I was going, 'God, I would love to do that because it's so good.'"SalaryHarry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) $3,000,000Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001) $250,000Where are they now(May 2003) Currently filming in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban(April 2004) Filming "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire."(March 2005) Completed filming of Goblet of Fire.(November 2005) Working on 'December Boys' in Adelaide, Australia