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新概念英语语法讲解之虚拟语气
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：
If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋动词原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：
If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could, would, 或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：
If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如：
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意问题：
1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名词性虚拟语气：
在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋(should)＋动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o'clock.（宾语从句）
We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）
That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）
注意：在这种句子中绝不出现"would""must""could"等。
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1、wish后的.宾语从句：
与现在愿望不一致——主语＋过去时：I wish I were you.
与过去愿望不一致——主语＋had＋过去分词：I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
与未来愿望不一致——主语＋would(could)＋原形：I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
2、It's time句型：
当It's time后用that从句时应该为“主语＋should＋原形”或“主语＋过去时”，例如：
It's time that you went to school. 或It's time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish＋宾语从句”：
If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。
If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
I'd rather you posted the letter right away.
I'd rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件：
Without you, I would never know him.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn't have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we we wouldn't have done the work so well.
（注：without / but for... = If it was not for.../ If it hadn't been for...）
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
I would be most glad to help you, but I' am busy now.
I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!
专项训练
1、It is important that a college student ______ a foreign language.
A．will master B．master C．masters D．would master
2、It is strange that she ______ without saying a word.
A．should have gone out B．went C．should go out D．goes out
3、If my lawyer ______ here last Saturday, he ______ me from going.
A．had been, would have prevented B．had been, would prevent C．were, would prevent D．were, would have prevent
4、 ——“He is a brave man.”
——“Yes, I wish I ______ his courage.”
A．have B．had C．will have D．may have
5、If it ______ rain, the crops would be saved.
A．should B．will C．is going to D．was to
6、He ordered that the medicine ______ by a special plane.
A．was sent B．would be sent C．should send D．be sent
7、If you ______ the medicine, you ______ better now.
A．took, would feel B．had taken, felt C．had taken, would feel D．took, would have felt
8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if ______ my mother.
A．is B．was C．were D．had been
9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I ______ so.
A．didn’t do B．hadn’t done C．haven’t done D．couldn’t do
10、I’d rather he ______ tomorrow afternoon.
A．will come B．comes C．coming D．came
（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……）
KEYS
1、B 2、A 3、A 4、B 5、A 6、D 7、C 8、C 9、B 10、D
excellentpri
虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。
虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块
1.虚拟条件句
第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。
下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：
通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，这就是错综时间虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。
1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
2.should+do用法
虚拟语气的第二模块就是含有should +do的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。
这一部分的词主要有常见的动词有advise, suggest, insist, order, require, recommend, command以及相关名词等等。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。
1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气
He insisted that the meeting be put off.
He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.
2. 表语从句的虚拟语气
My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.
3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气
There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.
4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：
It’s +p.p +that ；
It’s + adj. +that；
It’s + n. +that
常用的动词:recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command
常用的形容词:important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential
常用的名词:duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret
其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思
It’s important that you should take the medicine.
It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.
5. It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。
I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.
6. 某些词语如suggest, insist 等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。
Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.
We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.
3.特殊句式
虚拟语气的第三大模块指的是虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用。句这些句式使用的虚拟语气与上面的虚拟语气会有所不同：
would rather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身would rather可以直接接动词原形，构成would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或者would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的would rather 是这样使用的would rather sb. did(对现在或将来的假设)/ had done(对过去的假设)
I would rather he didn’t go now.
They would rather they hadn’t attended the party.
It’s (about) (high) time (that)…从句中常用过去式(有时也用should do), 含建议的意思。汉语的意思为“是该做…的时候了”，也等于It’s time for sb. to do sth.
It’s high time that we (should) go home.
for fear that 后面可以接虚拟语气should do，也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。
I will not make a noise for fear that I should / might disturd you.
wish+clause; as if/ though+ clause; If only这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。
wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wish sb. did(对现在的虚拟); wish sb. had done(对过去的虚拟); wish sb. would do (对将来的虚拟).偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wish sb. would have done的情况。
I wish I knew what was going to happen.
She wished she had stayed at home.
★此时要注意表示语气很强时用How sb. wish+ clause, 其用法同上。如果要用was依然换成were. 例如：How I wish I were a bird.
as if/ though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+as if/ though引导的状语从句； seem/ look/ smell +as if/ though引导的表语从句。
主句+as if/ though引导的状语从句：主句+as if/ though+主语+did/ were(对现在的假设)；主句+as if/ though+主语+could/ would do(对将来的假设)；主句+as if/ though+主语+had done(对过去的假设)
seem/ look/ smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。例如：
She talks as if she knew everything.
注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况
If only引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者would/ could do, 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
If only he were here!
If only you would listen to our advise!
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