little1208
一、概说连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。二、并列连词的用法1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如：Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如：The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , as well as 等。如：He didn’t go and she didn’t go either. 他没去，她也没去。The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。三、从属连词的用法1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如：Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。(2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如：She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。(4) 表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如：Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧?Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来As long as you’re happy，it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如：He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。As you are sorry，I’ll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。Seeing that he’s ill he’s unlikely to come. 因为他病了，他大概不会来了。Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。You won’t move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如：Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。如：She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。He doesn’t work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。10. 引起名词从句的从属连词。主要有that, whether, if 等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。如：He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。
小胡子阿志
一) 连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…,neither…nor, or, as well as…, and, both…and…. （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of …,because of, due to …,owing to, thanks to等. （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhyle, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first（second…）time, the minute等. （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等. （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等. （6）表递进关系的连接词：not only…but (also), what,s more, what's worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等. （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等. （三）注意以下过渡词的用法 1、表示时间的 af first 起初 next 接下来 then 然后 after that 那以后 later 后来 soon 不久 soon/shortly after ……之后不久 finally 最后 in the end 最后 eventually 最终 at last 终于 lately 近来 recently 最近 since then 自从那时起 after that 那以后 in no time 不一会儿 after a while 一会儿 afterward 后来 to begin/start with=in the first place 首先、第一点 immediately 立即、马上 meanwhile=in the meantime=at the same time 在此期间、同时 earlier, until now 直到现在 suddenly=all of a sudden 突然 as a young man 当…… 是个年轻人的时候 at the age of… 在……岁的时候 as early as 早……的时候 as soon as 一……就…… before, the other day 几天前 early in the morning 大清早 after/before dark 天黑后/前 one day 有一天 one afternoon 一天下午 one morning 一天早晨 2、表示空间的 to the right/left 朝右/左 on the rinht/left 在右/左边 in the middle of 在中间 in front of 在前面 in the front of 在前面 at the back of 在后面 at the bottom of 在底部 on the edge of 在……的边上 on top of 在……的顶部 opposite to 与……相对 close to 靠近 near to 在……附近 next to 与……相邻 under 垂直在下 over 垂直在上 below 在下方 above 在上方 across 在……的另一边 around 在周围 behind 在后 before 在前 against 靠着、抵着 further on 再往前 3、表示列举和时序 first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly for one thing…for another… at the same time at first at last 4、表示列举 for example 例如：…… namely 即…… for instance 例如：…… that is (to say) 也就是说 such as 如…… take…for example 拿……来说 like 像…… 5、表示比较或对比 like 像 unlike 不像 similarly 同样地 in the same way 以相同的方式 compared to 与……相比 while 而 still=nevertheless 然而 on the contrary 正相反 different from 与……不同 on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面 in contrast with 与……成对比 6、表示增补 and 而且 both…and 不但……而且 not only…but also 不但……而且 as well as 不但……而且 also=besides=furthermore=more over 此外、而且 in addition 并且 apart from 除了……之外 what's more 而且、更重要的 for another 另一方面 worse still=what's worse=to make matter worse 更糟糕的是 including 包括 7、表示因果 because 因为 since 既然 as 由于 now that 既然 therefore 因此 thus 这样 so 所以 as a result (of) 结果 because of=on account of 因为 thanks to 多亏、由于 for this reason 由于这个原因 if so 如果这样 if not 如果不是这样 8、表示目的 for this purpose in order to do so as to do so that… in order that… 9、表示让步 though/although no matter+疑问句 in spite of whatever/however/whoever even if/ even though 10、表示递进或强调 besides 况且 what's more 更重要地是 thus 这样 above all 首先 indeed 的确 in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上 in other words 换句话说 in that case 那样的话 or rather 更确切地说 particularly 特别地 11、表示转折 but 但是 still 然而 however 然而 while 而 12、表示总结 in a/one word 简言之、一句话、总之 generally speaking 一般说来 in short=in a few words 简言之 in conclusion=lastly 最后地 on the whole=taking everything into consideration 从总体来看、大体上 so 所以 therefore 因此 thus 这样 as has been mentioned 正如所提到的 it is quite clear that 很显然 there is no doubt that 毫无疑问 it is well-known that 大家都知道 as we all know=as is known to us all 大家都知道 as/so far as I know 据我所知 to sum up=to summarize=in summary 总之 13、表示转折话题 by the way 顺便说 I am afraid 我恐怕 in my opinion 依我看来 to tell the truth 说实话 to be honest 诚实地说 in face 事实上
寒江之月
英语连词：
1、并列连词。
and和，那么，渐渐。
or或，否则，不管是…，还是。
but但是，而是，的确…但；nor也不。
so也是，因此，所以，那么，这样看来。
for因为（表示推测），由于。
2、相关连词。
both A and B，既是A又是B。
either A or B，不是A就是B。
neither A nor B，既不是A也不是B，两者皆非。
not only A but also B，不但A而且B。
A as well as B，A和B。
3、准连词。
而且besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition。
然而yet, still, however, nevertheless。
否则else, otherwise。
因此所以thus, hence, therefore, accordingly, consequently。
4、引导名词从句的连词。
从属连词that, whether, if。
疑问连词what, which, who/whom/whose。
疑问副词when, where, why, how。
复合关系代词whatever, whoever, whomever。
5、引导定语从句的连词。
关系代词who (whom whose), which, that, as。
关系副词when, where, why。
关系形容词which, whose。
6、引导状语从句的连词。
表示时间when, while, as, till, whenever, since, as soon as。
表示条件if, unless, as long as, in case, if only, on condition。
表示结果so…that , such…that (如此…以至于）。
表示目的that, so that, in order that; lest, for fear, in case。
表示原因as, because, now (that ), seeing (that), since。
表示让步whether…or, notwithstanding, though, for all that。
表示地点where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere。
表示方式as, as…so, as if, according as。
表示比较than, the more…the more…，as…as…，not so…as。
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