3未闻花名3
三大流派：山东民间剪纸：山东民间剪纸从造型风格上大致可分两类。一类是渤海湾区域粗犷豪放的风格，与黄河流域其他省份的剪纸一脉相承。一类则是更有特点的山东胶东沿海地区以线为主，线面结合的精巧型剪纸，它似乎与山东汉代画像石细微繁缛的风格一脉相承，以其花样密集的装饰手段，使单纯爽快的外型更饱满丰富。山东胶东称手巧的女子为“伎俩人”，“伎俩人”不管出在哪个村，都是人们引以为荣的事。她们的花样子常常用烟火熏在土纸上到处流传，成为远近乡村剪花的样子。剪纸用途最多的是打扮窗户。胶东的窗户多是细长条形的格子，一般只能贴一些小的花，妇女们开发自己的创意，运用化整为零的方法把大的构图分割成条形剪出，再贴到窗上组合成一个完整的画面。这种称为“窗越”的剪纸一般贴在“窗心”。另有“窗角花”、“窗旁花”以及悬挂在窗前会活动的“斗鸡花”等，构成了系列性的“棂间文化”。与节庆的居室布置相适应，剪纸还用于墙围及天顶仰棚的装饰，以及器皿的贴花。山东剪纸从古发展到今，越来越多地显示出它独具有审美功能，因此，民间的“伎俩人”也就更加注重技巧的精熟。那若断若连的线条和细如蚊足的毛刺，往往叫人感到一种凡人难以达到的绝妙。安徽民间剪纸：安徽的民间剪纸较早地形成了行业性的艺人队伍，以其艺术商业的雏形状态替代了民众普遍的审美创造。但是，我向来以为匠人型剪纸作品的民间与否主要在于所面向服务的对象。如果是基于劳动者集体审美意识的普遍水准，又依附于民间美术的范畴。反之如果已在迎合贵族阶层的闲情逸趣而卖弄绝技的工艺之作，则是与皇宫中雇佣的御用匠人雕龙刻凤为他人做嫁衣裳的没什么两样。安徽的“花匠”多属于前者，而阜阳的程建礼人是其中最有代表性的一位。程建礼从小喜欢剪花，并跟祖母勤学，灵性极好，起初为村人义务剪花，后来把技艺作为谋生手段，挑起花担周游江湖，练出一身好手艺，口中唱着花歌，手中剪着妇女们点的花样。对于他来说，已不需要冥思苦想的经营构图，达到胸有成竹才开始动手。任何形状的纸片之中都已蕴藏着形象，只需要用手中的剪刀轻叩它的灵性之门。“三叉口”一幅尤其如此。概括的外形轮廊像是天然而成的几笔正在浸化着有浓墨，而略用心计剪出两只相对灼灼的眼睛，恰如其分地剪出“画眼”，也点准“戏眼”——黑暗中，两个互相搜寻着的人警觉的眼睛。扬州民间剪纸：扬州是剪纸流行最早的地区之一。隋唐时期，人们就把剪纸作为一种乐趣，点缀和美化生活。说起来，这和隋炀帝杨广有一定关系。杨广当皇帝后，从大业元年（605年）开始营建扬州，至邗沟修竣，运河通航，便在这里大兴土木，广筑离宫别馆。他三下扬州，恣意游乐。在扬州城西的上林苑中，有全国各地的奇花异卉，宝兽珍禽，他每当夜间和宫女们游园，不张灯火，令人捕捉许多萤火虫送来，萤光漫山遍谷，照耀如同白昼。到了冬天，园苑中花树凋零，池水结冰，炀帝游兴不减，却令宫女们仿照民间剪纸，用彩锦剪为花、叶点缀枝条，挂于树上，并剪成荷花、菱芰、藕芡等物，去掉池中冰块、逐一布置水上，如同春夏之交艳丽景色，以赏心悦目。这种“萤苑”、“剪乐”，同那“迷楼”、“龙舟”一样，反映了隋炀帝奢侈荒唐的罪恶生活，但从剪彩为花这个侧面来看，却说明扬州剪纸的源远流长。在唐代，扬州已有剪纸迎春的风俗。立春之日，民间剪纸为花，又剪为春蝶、春钱、春胜，“或悬于佳人之首，或缀于花下”，相观以为乐。唐诗人李商隐所写“镂金作胜传荆俗，剪彩为人起晋风”之句，称赞了剪纸之美为人们所喜爱。那时的剪纸还是具有迷信色彩。扬州民间剪纸人、纸马及纸钱等，就是用于祭奠鬼神的。大诗人杜甫在《彭衙行》诗中写有“暖汤濯我足，剪纸招吾魂”之句，就是这种民情风俗的反映。1980年春，扬州各界迎接“鉴真大师像”回故乡“探亲”，扬州艺人作了一套《鉴真大和尚》剪纸，赵朴初先生为之写“忆江南”词一首，中有“明月满城歌过海，神工剪纸与招魂”之句，爱引了千年风俗，以神来之笔，表达了故乡故国亲人对鉴真大师怀念之情。唐代造纸业兴盛，扬州有较大的造纸作坊，唐宋时已大量生产质量很高的贡纸。作为雄厚的物质条件，也促进了剪纸艺术的发展。扬州自古多奇花异卉，唐宋以来历代扬州的文章太守、诗人墨客，莫不寄情花木，装饰风雅，演出许多的事，写下多少名篇。这对剪纸表现的题材，就是一个重要的因素，扬州剪纸向以花卉为主，确是千年传统的一个重要体现。民间艺术是相互影响、相互作用、相互促进的。扬州的民间刺绣就和剪纸有不解之缘。刺绣的图案先画出底样，剪成纸型，再粘贴在面料上，进行刺绣。这种方法在扬州延续了很久，直到现在民间刺绣还有沿用此法的。刺绣又叫绣花，以前扬州人一直称剪纸艺人为“剪花样子的”，就缘于这两种艺术的密切关系。清代扬州，由于江淮盐业的发展，带来城市的繁荣。盐商巨贾固然生活奢靡，市井民家也还讲究穿戴。居室之内大至门帘帐沿、被服枕套，小至镜袱香囊、绢帕笔袋，都以绣花为美。至于结婚做寿、年节喜庆，所用绣品花样更多。这些绣品以剪纸为底样。剪纸艺人用一把剪刀，几张素纸，凭着心灵手巧，剪出生动活泼、寓意吉祥的各式花样，因而扬州城内赖剪纸为生的民间艺人颇多。据传，嘉、道年间，著名艺人包钧就以一剪之巧而声名远扬。在包钧的剪下，花、鸟、鱼、蝶无不神形兼备，引人入胜，因有“神剪”之誉。时人对他的剪艺甚为赞赏，给以“任他二月春风好，剪出垂杨恐不如”的高度评价。希望能解决你的问题！欢迎采纳！！！
amy229815572
剪纸是中国的民间艺术。剪纸又称刻纸，中国汉族最古老的民间艺术之一。剪纸是一种镂空艺术，其在视觉上给人以透空的感觉和艺术享受。以纸为加工对象，以剪刀(或刻刀)为工具进行创作的艺术。剪纸在民间流传极广，历史也很悠久。新疆曾出土了距今一千五百余年的剪纸作品（对马团花、对猴团花）。在后来也可通过染缬、华胜、吉州窑和定窑的装饰图案、皮影、蓝印花布、小品刺绣、绘画作品中见其略影。作为汉族传统民间艺术的一种在民俗活动中占有重要位置。南宋已出现了专业民间剪纸艺人。民间剪纸往往通过谐音、象征、寓意等手法提炼、概括自然形态，构成美丽的图案。
知足知不足m
我国很多地方都有剪纸艺术,并不只在一个地方有剪纸的传统。
1，瑞昌剪纸
瑞昌剪纸是一门古老的传统民间艺术，瑞昌位于江西省北部长江南岸，其独特的地理位置极大地影响了瑞昌剪纸的风格。
瑞昌剪纸既有南方的阴柔之丽，精巧秀美，又具北方的阳刚之美，古朴豪放。
2，邳县剪纸
邳县剪纸是江苏省徐州地区流行的一种传统剪纸艺术，以邳县的最见特色。
其种类有二，即刻纸和剪纸。
邳县剪纸的主要用途包括窗花、喜花、礼花、鞋花、门笺、斗香花、剪纸团花、剪纸旗幡等。
3，高密剪纸
高密剪纸，山东省高密市传统民间艺术三绝之一。
其包括窗花、门笺、墙花、顶棚花、灯花、花样、喜花、春花、丧花等。
它的流传同高密农村的节令风俗有着密切的关系。
窗花、门笺、灯花，便是在春节或元宵节时贴挂的。
4，佛山剪纸
佛山剪纸是古老的传统民间艺术，在宋代已有流传，盛于明清两代。
其风格金碧辉煌、苍劲古拙，结构雄伟奔放，用色夸张富丽，以剪、刻、凿、印、写、衬等技艺并用，材料和表现手法巧妙结合，具有鲜明的地方特色。
5，陇东剪纸
陇东剪纸，是甘肃省庆阳、平凉两个地区流传的剪纸。
陇东剪纸历史久远，风格粗犷夸张，是一门古老的传统民间艺术。
题材上多飞禽走兽、民间故事、戏曲人物、四季花卉等。
丸子的小雕
Ruichang, Italy Apartments Ruixiang Chang Sheng. Located in the south bank of the Yangtze River, Lushan feet, west of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, the Yangtze River into the first city. Southern Tang liters per year (AD 939) set up county, a county in 1989, the State Council approved a city (Jiangxi Province, cities with independent planning). Total area of 1442 square kilometers, a population of over 400,000, hilly terrain, moist climate, lush vegetation, abundant resources, beautiful landscape, is living in paradise, entrepreneurial hot spot. Travel Resources Ruichang beautiful landscape, rich tourism resources. Emei Group secluded cave peculiar risk, large-scale, known as the "First Jiangnan hole"; Castle Peak Provincial Forest Park natural beauty, diverse landscape track, lush plain, natural, and Lushan echoes, called sister mountain. Since ancient times, is the famous Taoist shrine, but also an ideal place for leisure in Chengde. Copper Ridge National key cultural relics protection units of the rule of the Shang Dynasty copper mining sites, is by far the world's first mining and melting with wooden sticks guarding the site, can develop into a collection of archaeological and tourist attractions as an integrated whole. Red Lake a bi hills, and Fishermen night photos, beautiful scenery, is a good place to visit, also known aquatic treasures. Local Products Ruichang yam is a yam varieties home for Ruichang traditional specialties, according to Ming Long Khanh years, "Ruichang county" records, Ruichang yam is important when one property and medicine, more than 500 years have elapsed since the history of cultivation , the tubers are rich in starch, sugar, protein, vitamins, amino acids and other nutrients, has a strong spleen, kidney, Nourishing the power to prepare, is a combination of vegetables, the finest quality goods and Medical Use . Ruichang yam applicability, high yield, good storability resistance movement, not long-cooked paste, unique flavor. Accumulated 5,000 acres planted area, yield more than 6,000 tons of processed products in cans, dried food, transfer powder, instant noodles, fans and so have a good development prospect. Folk art Chinese folk paper-cut is one of the treasures of traditional decorative arts, Ruichang known as "paper-cut of the villages". Paper cutting is open in Ruichang of a wonderful work of folk art. Ruichang beautiful paper-cuts to concise, well-proportioned composition, dynamic, vivid, bright cutting method characterized. A pair of scissors as a tool, yin, yang cutting method all use. Subject to take on more folklore, flowers and birds and animals, drama and characters. A good paper-cut, both for windows and doors, ceiling, basket baskets, furniture and decoration; also can be used for linen, upper, curtains, tablecloths embroidered samples. People of beauty, loved by the masses of the people. But also by the folk paper-cut enthusiast. Have some collectible value. Local opera Ruichang tea-picking opera, theater formerly known as tea lights into the half of the class was renamed after the tea-picking opera, folk opera known as tea. Early in the Ming Dynasty, Ruichang area of illumination is very popular, during the Lantern Festival Chinese New Year Flowers to North Korea must end teams play lights Ho Choi, great excitement. Gan Ming Gan East tea light opera spread to the north, combined with Ruichang illumination, they formed a unique tea lights Ruichang play. Three years of the Qing Emperor Qianlong (1765) Smirnov flood, river bank collapse possible, the victims go, flee from famine from the apricot tea-picking opera triangular course, it will be in north Jiangxi tea and light show combine Ruichang together to form a Ruichang mining tea folk opera, later known as tea-picking opera. In 1986, Ruichang tea-picking opera was renamed "Jiujiang tea-picking opera" loading "Chinese encyclopedia" [(opera • Opera) p. 146] published in 1999, "Chinese Opera and Music • Jiangxi Volume" in turn was renamed the "Jiujiang tea-picking opera "corrected to" Ruichang tea-picking opera "into the series.
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