autumngold
英语关联词 —并列连词 1 并列连词 在句子中不做成分,仅表示前后关系. 1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分. 1)连接语词:slow but safe/ either this week or next week 2)连接分句:I went and she also. 2.可分别表示下列关系. 1)转折:but, yet, however, neverthe- less 2) 因果:so, for, therefore 3) 选择:or, either…or, neither…nor 英语关联词 —并列连接词 2 4)并列和递进:and,both…and, as well as not only…but (also) 英语关联词 —关联词 关联词 用于引导从句. 1.名词从句: He doesn't know what she is. 2.副词从句:If he comes, I'll give it to you. 3.形容词从句:He's the best student I've ever taught. 英语关联词 —连接词 1 关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中(及某些连接词在短语中)所担当的成分,这是正确使用关连词的关键. 1.连接词:引导名词从句,在从句中不做成分. 1) that(无含义): I said that he was wrong. 2) whether(if)(表示不确定性或选择关系): I don't know whether it is correct. 英语关联词 —连接词 2 2.连接代词 1)引导名词从句,在从句中做主语,宾语,表语和 定语. A. who/which 作主语(口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词): I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语: Ask him which he wants. 英语关联词 —关联词 3 C. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定 语: I wonder whose house that is. D. what 做上面提及的各种成分: I don't know what I should do. What can be done 2)与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语. We can't decide whom to invite. We must decide what to do. I couldn't decide which to choose. 英语关联词 —关联词 4 3.连接副词 引导名词从句或与不定式连用,在从句 中做状语. 1) how: That's how I look at it. 2) where: I don't know where he lives. 3) when: Tell me when to use the tool. 4) why: I'll tell you why you have to do it. 英语关联词 —关系词 1 4.关系代词 1) who 表示人,在从句中做主语和表语(口语 who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用 的介词): The man who spoke is my teacher. I don't know who he is. The man who I saw told me that. 2) whom 表示人,在从句中做宾语和表语: The man whom I saw told me that. 英语关联词 —关系词 2 3) whose 表示"某人/物的",of which表示 "某物的", 在从句中做定语: That's the man whose son is my pupil. The room whose window faces south is her bedroom. The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom. 英语关联词 —关系词 3 4) which 表示物,在从句中做主语和表语: I like the picture which was taken in front of the main building. 5) that 表示人/物,在从句中做主语和宾语; 注 意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法. A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时: This is the best film that I've ever seen. 英语关联词 —关系词 4 B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时: the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every. This is the last chance that you have. You are the only friend that I have. He told me all that he knew. 英语关联词 —关系词 5 C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时: much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody. There's nothing in the world that can frighten him. D. 以Who/Which开始的句子,其后的定语从句中 的关系代词不使用who/which,而代之以that. Who that knows him would trust him Which of these buses is the one that goes to London 英语关联词 —关系词 6 E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时: The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 6) 关系代词做介词宾语. A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所 在的从句的句尾,关系代词为that时,只可 放在其所在的从句的句尾. Is this the car for which you paid a high price 英语关联词 —关系词 7 Is this the car which you paid a high price for Is this the car that you paid a high price for Is this the car you paid a high price for B.介词during, except以及表示(从整体中) "分割"(出部分)的介词of等介词要放在关 系代词的前面: 英语关联词 —关系词 8 The years during which he was away were long years to her. He wrote many books, some of which C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必 须放在其动词之后,不可放在关系代词之前: This is the book which he has been looking for. 7)关系代词的省略. A.关系代词作宾语时: The girl I work with is coming. 英语关联词 —关系词 9 B.that在定语从句中做表语时: He is not the man that he was when I saw him first. He is not the man he was when I saw him first. 5.关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语. 1)where 地点: That's one point where I'd like your advice. 英语关联词 —关系词 10 2) when 时间: At the time when I saw him, he was ill. 3) why 原因: That is the reason why I came so early. 4) that 方式/时间/原因 I like the way that /in which he did it. 英语关联词 —关系词 11 That was the first time (that) I saw him. The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = where This is the school in which/at which/ where he works. 6)for which = why I don't the reason for which he left. 英语关联词 —关系词 12 7)on which = when The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988.
酸奶娃儿
托福阅读当中考查长难句的题型是句子简化题和句子插入题目，托福阅读考试一篇只有20分钟的时间。在这20分钟当中要完成14道题目，对于语法基础并不是很好的学生，会花费非常多的时间。对于这样的题目，如果学会迅速抓住句子之间内在的逻辑关系也是会非常快的做对题目，那下面我们就来总结一下，托福阅读当中常见的逻辑关系都有哪些?1. 否定明显： no, not, none, neither, never, deny隐含： fail to, absence from, lack of, refuse to, little, few否定前缀： a-, ab-, anti-, counter-, de-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, non-, un-…否定后缀： -less, free-, proof-2. 并列and/or, like, likewise, equally, the same as, same/similar to, in the same wayboth…and…, neither…nor… as well as, not only…but also…/vice versa3. 因果明显：because, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so…that…, therefore, thus,hence.隐含：导致：in as much as, cause, lead to, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motive,prompt, be responsible to由于： derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate fromon account of, in view of, according to, rely on, depend on4. 条件明显： if, unless, as long as, in case that/of隐含： suppose/supposing that, providing/provided that, on condition that，except when=unless5. 比较明显： 比较级，最高级+than隐含： 最高意义：maximum, favorite, outstanding, top6. 转折明显：but, yet, however, though, although, even if, even though, while, whereas,nevertheless, despite, in spite of, instead, in contrast, contrast toon the contrary, different from, differ from, conversely隐含： for all;倒装+as;even+时间(even when)但不重要超隐含： 时间，空间，事物对比
西兰花007
笔者一直被一个问题所困扰：“从初中到高中，学生积累了一定的词汇和语法知识，经历了数次考试，学习也可谓勤奋，但为何依旧成效甚微，不该犯的错误却屡见不鲜”？其具体表现为：词汇方面词义范围不分，词性不分，忽视搭配等；语法上主谓不一致，粘连句，虚词错误等；语用上忽视语境，中英文一一对应等。长期教学实践中，笔者终于找到其症结所在------汉语固有的逻辑思维模式。汉语作为一种东方语言，英语作为一种西方语言，它们之间所蕴涵的逻辑思维是截然相反的。如对地址的表达，汉语的逻辑思维是从大到小，如：某省某市某县某镇；而英语的逻辑思维是从小到大，如：某镇某县某市某省。认真分析的话，我们会发现：从简单的词汇，到复杂的语句成分构成，再到地道的语用，两种语言的逻辑思维完全是南辕北辙！正是如此，从而导致了解题和语用中错误不断。为此，经过探讨和总结，特将英语中常用的几种逻辑思维模式总结如下，以达抛砖引玉。 一 分隔 “ ” 分隔是指在两个本应紧紧相连的两个成分或两个分句之间，插入其它成分从而被隔开的一种语序变动现象。分隔现象是英语和汉语之间的一个显著区别，因此最容易干扰我们对句意，文意的理解，打断正常的解题思路。能起分隔作用的有短语（介词短语，分词短语和不定式短语等），从句和附加成分（插入语，同位语，独立成分等）。常见分隔方式如下： 1 主谓分隔 ⑴ He, however, didn’t understand at all the theory on which I based my invention.（然而，他对我发明的理论基础一窍不通。） ⑵ Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.（海伦对她小儿子比对其他孩子和善得多，当然这遭到其他孩子的嫉妒。） ⑶ Anyway, that evening, which I’ll tell you more about later, ended up staying at Rachel’s place.（不管怎样，那天晚上我就呆在了Rachel的住所，这件事我以后还会和你讲。） 2 动宾分隔 It is better for you to take with you whatever you need most anytime.（你最好把你最需要的任何东西都带走。） All of us demanded of him whether he had heard from her recently.（我们大家都问他最近是否收到她的来信。） 3 系表分隔 Einstein was in the eyes of a young friend, a simple, modest and ordinary man.（在青年朋友眼里，爱因斯坦是位纯朴，谦逊的普通人。） 4 定语分隔 There is no report to us of any accident.（没有向我们作任何有关事故方面的报道。） 5 定语从句与先行词分隔 The days are gone when we Chinese were bullied by the invaders.（中国人受侵略者欺负的日子一去不复返了。） 6 同位语与先行词分隔 The question sometimes comes to my mind whether it was worth the effort.（有时我会想到这样一个问题：是否值得花这么大力气。） There is no doubt, in my opinion, that what matters is not one’s looks, but one’s inner thoughts.（我深信，不是一个人的外表重要，而是他的内在。） 7 介宾分隔 I am not interested in, to tell the truth, this town and its people.（实话告诉你，我对这
水乡的风光
多看英文的小说吧,语言的那种感觉和美感就是一点点潜移默化出来的,像中文一样多看书自然而然你的词汇不就会用了?相信你的词汇量没有问题,关键就是使用时候的逻辑会混乱吧?个人建议多看英文的你能感兴趣的小说.
无奇不爱
英语文章中常见的逻辑关系 1.并列关系 and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as; 2.递进关系 also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed; 3.因果关系 because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason; 4.转折关系 but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately; 5.让步关系 although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of; anyway, anyhow 6.列举（顺序）关系 first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others; 7.对比关系 while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but; 8.时间关系 when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time; 9.条件关系 if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with; 10.举例关系 such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely
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