专业的吃货一枚
一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。 例：In the harbor sits Denmark"s bestknown landmark,the Little Mermaid1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes . / Here it is .2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。） 如：Up went the rocket. /Up it went.3. 介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。 例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?2. if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）。有以下几种形式：1） 副词置于句首。如：Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.2） 动词置于句首。如：Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you.3） 形容词或名词置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如：A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装。( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,... )Little do we know about him.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.Seldom does he come back on Sundays.Not until he came back did I know about it.5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如：Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.但若only修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无需倒装。如：Only socialism can save China. (only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)6.not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test.8. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!9. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如： He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.--So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒装)10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。倒装句的用法1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副词开头的句子里，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。 Out rushed the boys . /Then followed three days of heavy rain . 若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes . / Here it is . 2 . 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。 South of the city lies a big steel factory . 3 . 以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子，要用“部分倒装”语序 ( 倒装的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似 ) 。这类常见词有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引导从句时，主句“部分倒装” ) ，little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when。 例:Never shall I do this again . 其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when 表示“一……就……”的意思。no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用“部分倒装”形式的过去完成时，than , when 引出的从句用过去时。 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain . 如果带有否定意义的词不是修饰全句，只是修饰主语，那么句子的主谓不必倒装。 Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd . 4 . so 修饰形容词或副词，only 修饰副词或状语放在句首时“部分倒装”。 So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment . /Only in this way can you master English . 如果 only 修饰主语，句子则不倒装。 例如:Only Wang Lin knows this . 5. neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首，作“也不”讲时，所引导的句子部分倒装。He can’ t answer the question . Neither can I . 6.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需倒装。 Gone are the days when we used foreign oil . 7.由 as , though ( although ) 引导的表示“虽然”，“尽管”的让步状语从句，用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语或状语等放在 as 的前面。
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1.倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。
2. 倒装句的构成
a) 完全倒装
将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。
Are you from here? 你是本地人吗?
Now comes the chance. 机会来了。
b) 部分倒装
只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如：
Has he come? 他来了吗?
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better.
3. 倒装的原因
a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如：
Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗?
Long live peace! 和平万岁!
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：
Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。
c)强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
4. 倒装句的基本用法
a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外)：
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down
c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。
d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no soonerthan等)放在句首时:
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。
e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。
He hasnt been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
一、过去分词
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。
1. 作定语
作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表语
过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：
delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调谓语动作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(状态)
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(动作)
I'm interested in chess.(状态)
3. 过去分词做状语
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词。
Heated, water changes into steam.
如果加热的话，水会变成水蒸气。
Given another chance, he will do better.
再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
被学生包围着，那位老教师走进了教室。
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
教练出现了，身后跟着五条狗。
天堂猫ivy
1. “某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here , there , now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。 Out rushed the boy . Down came the brown wave . 2. 表示方位的短语放在句首，后面一般使用倒装语序。 West of the lake lies the famous city . 3. There be + 主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie，stand等。 There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table . There in Greece lived a famous thinker , named Aristotle . 4. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。 “Let”s go ! ”said the captain . “Take off your boots !” ordered the guard . 5. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。 They arrived at an old church , in front of which stood a big crowd of people . 6. 用于so开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，意为“也怎么样”。另外，在结果状语从句句型so …that …中，如果强调so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。 I often go out for a walk after supper . So does she . 我经常在晚饭后出去散步，她也这样。 So excited was she at the news that she couldn”t say a word .听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。 7. 用于nor , neither 开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，“也不怎么样”。 Li Lei can”t answer the question . Neither can I . If you don”t wait for him , nor shall I . 8. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。 Only in this way can we get in touch with them . Only because he was ill was he absent from school . 注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。 Only Mr Wang knows about it . 9. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than ……等。 Little did I think he is a spy . 我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。 Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain . No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang . 10. 在虚拟语气中，倒装代替条件。 Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem . Were there no light , we could see nothing . 11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。 May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live France ! 法兰西万岁！
