小猪行天下1212
印度人做菜喜欢用调料,如咖喱、辣椒、黑胡椒、豆蔻、丁香、生姜、大蒜、茴香、肉桂等,其中用得最普遍、最多的还是咖喱粉。咖喱粉是用胡椒、姜黄和茴香等20多种香料调制而成的一种香辣调料,呈黄色粉末状。印度人对咖喱粉可谓情有独钟,几乎每道菜都用,如咖喱鸡、咖喱鱼、咖喱土豆、咖喱菜花、咖喱饭、咖喱汤……除了咖喱粉,印度市场上还出售各种调料粉,赤、橙、黄、绿、棕,五颜六色的,好看而且味美。 由于宗教的原因,印度人的饮食习惯也不同。虔诚的印度教徒绝对不吃牛肉,因为他们把牛奉为神牛。穆斯林不吃猪肉,但大食牛肉。于是,杀牛和吃牛肉常成为印度教徒和穆斯林教徒冲突的导火索。在印度,由于印度教徒占人口的多数(82%),牛肉成为禁忌,因此市场上的牛肉价格最便宜。猪肉也比较便宜,因为穆斯林和高种姓的印度教徒都不吃猪肉,低种姓的印度教徒和基督教徒才吃猪肉。羊肉价格最贵,因印度教徒和穆斯林都吃。印度的素食者大约占人口的一半,虔诚的印度教徒和佛教徒是素食主义者,不沾荤腥;耆那教徒更是严格食素,连鸡蛋也不吃,但可以喝牛奶,吃乳酷和黄油。印度的牛奶价格便宜,质量也很好,男妇老幼都喝牛奶。其奶制品如冰淇淋、奶酪、酸奶、蛋糕等,质量也属上乘。 印度人的主食主要有米饭和一种叫“加巴地”的烙成的小薄饼,还有一种油炸的薄饼,又香又脆。印度的蔬菜主要有花菜、圆白菜、西红柿、黄瓜、豆角、土豆、洋葱、冬瓜等,每样菜都烧得烂糊糊的,且放了不少咖喱粉,全是清一色的黄色。印度人的早餐已经西化,一般是一杯牛奶,几片面包,果酱、黄油,但中午饭和晚饭则是地道的印度风味,每餐都有豆子汤。印度的豆子种类繁多,有大如蚕豆的红豆,还有黄豆、豌豆等,这些豆子都加上香料和盐,用来做汤。 印度人进餐时,传统方法一般是一只盘子、一杯凉水,把米饭或饼放在盘内,菜和汤浇在上面。多数印度人进食时不用刀叉或勺子,而是用右手把菜卷在饼内,或用手把米饭和菜混在一起,抓起起来送进嘴里。留洋的知识分子或中产阶级家庭则使用刀、叉和勺子。 印度的甜食可谓“名符其实”,甜得发腻。甜食种类很多,有煎的、炸的、烘的、烤的,一应俱全,但每一道甜食都无一例外地甜得要命。多数印度人都嗜食甜食,印度人容易发胖,大概与嗜食过多的甜食有关。印度人的晚餐也晚得名符其实,最早的在晚上8点左右,晚的在10点左右。吃完饭后不久就上床睡觉,不发胖才怪呢。 由于长期是英国的殖民地,印度人也像英国人一样,有喝下午茶的习惯。印度的茶是奶茶,做法是把牛奶掺水煮开,再把茶叶倒进去,煮沸后用小筛子把茶叶滤出,加糖后即可饮用。 印度水果 印度的水果种类繁多,一年四季不断。最便宜的是香蕉,因而被称为“穷人的水果”。石榴约有小碗般大,红彤彤的,有的咧开了嘴,露出一粒粒晶莹透亮、红玛瑙般的果粒,十分诱人。葡萄有乳白色的,有紫红色的,一串串像玉雕,剥一粒放在口中,香甜多汁,吃完后手会被粘住,是糖分太高的缘故。 印度最引人注目、令人垂涎的水果是荔枝。每年4、5月份是印度最热的季节,也是荔枝上市的季节。印度的荔枝是连枝叶卖的,摊主为防水分蒸发,还在荔枝上喷上清水。一束束红艳艳的荔枝,被沾着晶莹水珠的绿叶衬托着,格外诱人、醒目。剥开红艳艳的果皮,甘甜的汁水四溅,透明如玉的果肉令人垂涎欲滴,咬下去,甘甜、爽口,齿痕留香,百食不厌。 印度最有名的水果大概要数芒果了。每年夏天,首都新德里都要举行芒果节,展出的芒果大约有400多个品种,有的大如西瓜,有的小巧如杏;有的红艳欲滴,有的黄如美玉;有的绿莹莹的,有的黄中带红。形状也各不相同,有圆的、长长的、椭圆的、两头尖尖的……有一种芒果,汁多味美,轻轻挖开一个小口,可用吸管吸食。 印度的木瓜非常便宜,大如西瓜,但味道一般,有的放得久了似有一股臭味。番石榴的味道也难以让人接受,这种果子形状像石榴、里面有黑色的小籽,印度人吃时有时撒上一层胡椒粉。椰子也是一年四季都有,大概是从南印运来的。小贩除了卖椰汁外,还把洁白的椰肉切成一块一块,放在托盘里沿街叫卖。那椰肉有一股特殊的清香,越嚼越香。
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Food in IndiaIndian cuisine is a specialized art and it would be wrong to say that only rice and curry constitutes the Indian staple. The reason being that cuisine in India not only differs from region to region but may even differ from household to household! Curry made anywhere in India is gravy but the interesting fact is that there are over 500 variations of it in the country. Chilies give a distinct flavor to Indian food but surprisingly it is not a vegetable originally native to India. Another interesting bit of information is that some of the great culinary traditions of India originated in the royal courts of the Mughals. The delicious Mughlai food is always meat- based. The tandoor or clay oven is a great Indian innovation used to make delicious dishes. It is used as a stove and has made its way to other shores as well. Delicacies prepared using a tandoor can be tasted in restaurants all over the country.The cooking styles and flavors of every region of India is unique and differs from each other. While Kashmir is famous for its 24-course banquet- the Wazwan; coastal Goa, Kerala and Bengal specialize in fish, seafood and coconut-based dishes. Gujarat and Tamil Nadu are the best states to taste vegetarian specialties. Bengal, Bikaner and Delhi are particularly famous for sweets. Such is the diversity available in Indian cuisine that it is not possible for a tourist to taste all Indian delicacies in a single visit to the country.Continental, Chinese and western cuisines are easily available in many restaurants of India. Some restaurants, particularly those in the metros also specialize in specialty cuisines such as Thai, Spanish, French, Mexican, Italian, South Asian and Mediterranean. Tourists need not go only to the restaurants in starred hotels, several stand-alone restaurants in towns and cities also offer a range of cuisine.
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