腹黑芝士
许多在眼前看来天大的事,都不是人生一战,而只是人生一站。确实高考备战让你们很辛苦,可是已经坚持了这么久,这就已经是胜利。祝高考成功!下面是我为大家推荐的河北英语高考题2017年,仅供大家参考!
第I卷
注意事项:
1.答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上
2.选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上,否则无效
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上,录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上
第一节(共5小题;每小题分,满分分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A.£. B.£. C.£.
答案是C。
1. Where is Mary?
A. In the classroom. B. In the library. C. On the playground.
2. How much should the man pay for the tickets?
A. $16. B. $12. C. $6
3. Why can’t the woman give the man some help?
A. She is quite busy now.
B. She doesn’t like grammar.
C. She is poor in grammar,too.
4. What happened to Marx?
A. He lost his way.
B. He found his bike missing.
C. He lost his wallet.
5. Why did the man fail to attend the party?
A. He forgot it.
B. He didn’t know about the party.
C. He wasn’t invited to the party.
第二节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Why must the man drive to work?
A. It is the quickest way.
B. He has to use his car after work.
C. He lives too far from the subway.
7. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Boss and employee.
B. Grandmother and grandson.
C. Teacher and student.
听第7段材料,回答第8~9题。
8. When is Alice’s birthday?
A. Tomorrow. B. The day after tomorrow. C. Today.
9. What will the two speakers buy for Alice?
A. A recorder. B. Some flowers. C. A box of chocolates.
听第8段材料,回答第10~12题。
10. What does the woman do in the group?
A. Play the piano. B. Play the violin. C. Sing for the group.
11. Who is Miss Pearson?
A. Leader of the . Director of the group. C. Teacher of the group.
12. How often does the group meet?
A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Every third week.
听第9段材料,回答第13~16题。
13. Who possibly is the woman?
A. An air hostess. B. A native Indian. C. A travel agent.
14. How long does the trip last?
A. Seven days. B. Eight days. C. Nine days.
15. What will the man probably do at the second stage?
A. Do some shopping. B. Visit the Taj Mabal. C. See wild animals.
16. What will the speakers do next?
A. Say goodbye to each . Find out the price. C. Go to India by air.
听第10段材料,回答第17~20题。
17. In what way does Jack like to travel?
A. With a lot of people.
B. With one or two good friends.
C. All by himself.
18. What does Helen prefer on holiday?
A. Staying at home.
B. Seeing famous places.
C. Enjoying nature quietly.
19. What does Bob like the best about travel?
A. Making more friends. B. Buying what he wants. C. Seeing and learning.
20. Who prefers to do shopping while traveling?
A. Jack. B. Helen. C. Bob.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.
Using your NatWest Service Card
As a Switch card, it lets you pay for all sorts of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft (透支) to cover it). It is also a cheque guarantee card for up to the amount shown on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.
Using your NatWest Cash Card
You can use your Cash Card as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash from over 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw what you have in your account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.
Using your cards abroad
You can also use your Service Card and Cash Card when you’re abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services wherever you see the Cirrus or Maestro logo displayed.
We take a commission charge (手续费) of of each cash withdrawal you make (up to£4) and a commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro to pay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of .
Using your NatWest Credit Card
With your credit card you can do the following:
* Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days’ interest-free credit.
* Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the MasterCard or Visa logos.
* Collect one AIR MILE for every£20 of spending that appears on your statement (结算单). (This does not include foreign currency or traveler’s cheques bought, interest and other charges.)
21. If you carry the Service Card or the Cash Card, ________.
A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wish
B. you can draw your money from cash machines conveniently
C. you can spend as much money as you like without a limit
D. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK
22. If you withdraw£200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged ________.
A. £4 B. £ C. £ D. £
23. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?
A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.
B. You can use the card in any shop across the world.
C. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.
D. You will gain one air mile if you spend £20 on traveller’s cheques.
24. The purpose of the passage is to show you how to ________.
A. pay for goods with your cards B. use your cards abroad
C. draw cash with your cards D. play your cards right
B
Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet — and stopped him cold.”
Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.
So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.
25. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?
A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mighty forces.
C. Fear prevented him from trying. D. Failure blocked his way to success.
26. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities.
C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions.
27. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?
A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults. B. Trying without success is meaningless.
C. Repeated failure creates a better life. D. Boldness can be gained little by little.
C
The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping-where you hand over notes and count out change in return—now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters,like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a corner shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores—Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance—you don't go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.
Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction(抽象) of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I'm just old-fashioned. But earning money isn't quick or easy for most of us. Isn't it a bit incredible that spending it should happen in half a blink(眨眼)of an eye? Doesn't a wallet—that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness—represent something that matters?
But I'll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as pebble(鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.
28. What is happening to the wallet?
A. It is disappearing. B. It is being fattened.
C. It is becoming costly. D. It is changing in style.
29. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?
A. Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.
B. The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.
C. Earning money is getting more difficult.
D. Spending money is so fast and easy.
30. Why does the author choose to write about what's happening to the wallet?
A. It represents a change in the modern world.
B. It has something to do with everybody's life.
C. It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.
D. It is the concern of contemporary economists.
31. What can we infer from the passage about the author?
A. He is resistant to social changes.
B. He is against technological progress.
C. He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.
D. He feels insecure in the ever-changing modern world.
Sunnygirl88
1.下列叙述正确的是( ) A酸性氧化物不一定都是非金属氧化物 BHC1、H2S、NH3都是电解质 C强酸强碱都是离子化合物 DFeBr3、FeCl2、CuS都不能直接用化合反应制备 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 2 2.化学与生产、生活、环境等社会实际密切相关。下列叙述正确的是( ) A“滴水石穿、绳锯木断”不涉及化学变化 B明矾净水的原理和“84”消毒液消毒的原理不相同 C氟利昂作制冷剂会加剧雾霾天气的形成 D汽车尾气中含有的氮氧化物,是汽油不完全燃烧造成的 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 3 3.有些古文或谚语包含了丰富的化学知识,下列解释不正确的是( ) A古文或谚语:日照香炉生紫烟 化学解释碘的升华 B古文或谚语:以曾青涂铁,铁赤色如铜 化学解释置换反应 C古文或谚语:煮豆燃豆萁 化学解释化学能转化为热能 D古文或谚语:雷雨肥庄稼 化学解释自然固氮 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 4 4.下列有关钢铁腐蚀与防护的说法正确的是( ) A钢管与电源正极连接,钢管可被保护 B铁遇冷浓硝酸表面钝化,可保护内部不被腐蚀 C钢管与铜管露天堆放在一起,钢管不易被腐蚀 D钢铁发生析氢腐蚀时,负极反应是 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 5 5.某学生以铁丝和Cl2为原料进行下列三个实验。从分类角度分析,下列选项正确的是( ) A实验①、②所涉及的物质均为电解质 B实验②、③均为放热反应实验 C②、③均未发生氧化还原反应 D实验①、③反应制得的物质均为纯净物 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 6 6.下列物质与类别不对应的是( ) A小苏打 盐 B过氧化钠 碱性氧化物 C淀粉 糖类 D84消毒液 混合物 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 7 7.设NA为阿伏加罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是( ) A常温常压下, CO2所含的原子数为3NA B1mol Cl2与足量的Fe完全反应,转移的电子数为2NA C2H2和C6H6的气态混合物中所含原子总数为2NA D2L 1mol/L的盐酸中所含HCl分子数约为2NA 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 8 8.卫生部发生公告,自2011年5月1日起,禁止在面粉生产中添加过氧化钙(CaO2)等食品添加剂。下列对于过氧化钙(CaO2)的叙述错误的是( ) ACaO2具有氧化性,对面粉可能具有漂白作用 BCaO2中阴阳离子的个数比为1: 1 CCaO2和水反应时,每产生1 mol O2转移电子4 mol DCaO2和CO2反应的化学方程式为:2CaO2+2CO2===2CaCO3+O2 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 9 9.下列叙述正确的是( ) ①硫酸钡难溶于水和酸,可做X光透视肠胃的药剂 ②神舟10号飞船所用太阳能电池板的材料是单晶硅 ③医用酒精是利用了乙醇的氧化性来杀菌消毒的 ④玛瑙饰品的主要成分与建筑材料砂子不相同 ⑤碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠等都可以中和酸,故都可以作为治疗胃酸过多的药物 ⑥明矾净水利用了胶体的性质 ⑦根据酸分子中含有的氢原子个数,将酸分为一元酸、二元酸和多元酸 ⑧金属钠具有强的还原性,可利用钠和熔融TiCl4反应制取金属Ti A①②③⑦B①②⑥⑧C①③④⑧D①③⑥⑦ 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 10 10.某硫酸厂废气中SO2的回收利用方案如下图所示,下列说法不正确的是( ) AX可能含有2种盐 Ba是SO3 CY可能含有(NH4)2SO4 D(NH4)2S2O8中S的化合价不可能为+7 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 11 11.某溶液中只可能含有下列离子中的某几种:K+、NH、Ba2+、SO、I、AlO2。分别取样:①用pH计测试,溶液显弱酸性②加氯水和CCl4振荡后静置,下层呈无色,为确定该溶液的组成,还需检验的离子是( ) AK+BSOCBa2+DNH 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 12 12.甲乙丙丁戊是中学常见的无机物,他们的转化关系如图所示(某些条件和部分产物已略去)。下列说法错误的是( ) A若戊为一种强碱且焰色反应为黄色,则反应①②可能都属于氧化还原反应 B常温下,若丙为无色气体,戊为红棕色气体,则甲、乙可能是铜和稀硝酸 C若甲为硫磺燃烧产物,丁为水,则戊不可用于干燥甲 D若甲为浓盐酸,乙为MnO2,则戊可能使品红褪色 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 13 是一种化工原料,可以制备一系列物质(如下图所示)。下列说法正确的是( ) A由氯化钠制备纯碱的过程中,利用了物质溶解度的差异 B用Cl2制备漂白粉时,是将Cl2通入澄清石灰水中 C常温下干燥的Cl2能用钢瓶贮存,所以Cl2不与铁反应 D图示转化反应都是氧化还原反应 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 14 14.某同学组装了如图所示的电化学装置,则下列说法正确的是( ) A图中甲池为原电池装置,Cu电极发生还原反应 B实验过程中,甲池左侧烧杯中NO3﹣的浓度不变 C若甲池中Ag电极质量增加时,乙池某电极析出金属,则乙中的某盐溶液可能是AgNO3溶液 D若用铜制U形物代替“盐桥”,工作一段时间后取出U形物称量,质量会减小 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 15 15.在100mL HNO3和H2SO4的混合溶液中,两种酸的物质的量浓度之和为.向该溶液中加入足量的铜粉,加热,充分反应后,所得溶液中Cu2+的物质的量浓度值为(反应前后溶液体积变化忽略不计)( ) 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 16 16. 20 ℃时,饱和NaCl溶液的密度为ρg·cm-3,物质的量浓度为c mol·L-1,则下列说法中不正确的是( ) A温度低于20 ℃时,饱和NaCl溶液的浓度小于c mol·L-1 B此溶液中NaCl的质量分数为×100% C20 ℃时,密度小于ρg·cm-3的NaCl溶液是不饱和溶液 D20 ℃时,饱和NaCl溶液的溶解度S=g 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 17 17.截止到2013年12月末,中国光伏发电新增装机容量达到,光伏发电累计装机容量达到,图为光伏并网发电装置电解尿素[CO(NH2)2]的碱性溶液制氢的装置示意图(电解池中隔膜仅阻止气体通过,阴、阳极均为惰性电极)。下列叙述中正确的是( ) AN型半导体为正极,P型半导体为负极 B制氢装置溶液中电子流向:从B极流向A极 CX2为氧气 D工作时,A极的电极反应式为CO(NH2)2+8OH--6e-═CO32-+N2↑+6H2O 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 18 18.将一定体积的CO2通入V L NaOH溶液中,已知NaOH完全反应,若在反应后的溶液中加入足量石灰水,得到a g沉淀;若在反应后的溶液中加入足量CaCl2溶液,得到b g沉淀,则下列说法正确的是( ) A参加反应的CO2的体积为 a L B用上述数据不能确定NaOH溶液的物质的量浓度 C若a=b,则CO2与NaOH溶液反应的产物盐只有Na2CO3 Db可能等于a、小于a或大于a 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 19 19.二氧化氯(ClO2)是一种黄绿色易溶于水的气体,常用作饮用水消毒。实验室通过如下过程制备二氧化氯。 下列说法正确的是( ) A电解时发生反应的离子方程式为:NH4++3Cl-2H2↑+NCl3 B溶液X中大量存在的阴离子有Cl-、OH- C可用饱和食盐水除去ClO2中的NH3 D可用明矾除去饮用水中残留的NaClO2 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 20 20.反应①、②分别是从海藻灰和某种矿石中提取碘的主要反应: 下列说法正确的是( ) A两个反应中NaHSO4均为氧化产物 B碘元素在反应①中被还原,在反应②中被氧化 C氧化性:MnO2>SO>IO>I2 D反应①、②中生成等量的I2时转移电子数比为1:5 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 21 21.光电池是发展性能源。一种光化学电池的结构如图,当光照在表面涂有氯化银的银片上时,AgCl (s) Ag (s)+Cl(AgCl),[Cl(AgCl)表示生成的氯原子吸附在氯化银表面],接着Cl(AgCl)+e-=Cl- (aq),若将光源移除,电池会立即恢复至初始状态。下列说法不正确的是 ( ) A光照时,电流由X流向Y B光照时,Pt电极发生的反应为:2Cl-+2e-=Cl2↑ C光照时,Cl-向Pt电极移动 D光照时,电池总反应为:AgCl (s) +Cu+ (aq) Ag (s) +Cu2+ (aq)+Cl-(aq) 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 22 22. 下列离子组在给定条件下能否大量共存的判断正确,所发生反应的离子方程式也正确的是( ) A B C D 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 23 23.一定温度下,在3个体积均为 L的恒容密闭容器中反应2H2(g)+CO(g)CH3OH(g) 达到平衡。下列说法正确的是( ) A该反应的逆反应放热 B达到平衡时,容器Ⅰ中反应物转化率比容器Ⅱ中的大 C达到平衡时,容器Ⅱ中c(H2)大于容器Ⅲ中c(H2)的两倍 D达到平衡时,容器Ⅲ中的正反应速率比容器Ⅰ中的大 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 24 24.化学中常用图像直观地描述化学反应的进程或结果,下列图像描述正确的是( ) A图①可以表示对某化学平衡体系改变温度后反应速率随时间的变化 B图②表示压强对可逆反应2A(g)+2B(g) 3C(g)+D(g)的影响,且甲的压强大 C图③表示向Al2(SO4)3和MgSO4的混合液中滴加NaOH溶液,生成沉淀的量与滴入NaOH溶液体积的关系 D图④表示在2 L的密闭容器中发生合成氨反应时N2的物质的量随时间的变化曲线,0~10 min内该反应的平均速率v(H2)= mol·L-1·min-1,从11 min起其他条件不变,压缩容器的体积为1 L,则n(N2)的变化曲线为d 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 25 25.已知:(HF)2(g) 2HF(g) △H>0,平衡体系的总质量m(总)与总物质的量n(总)之比在不同温度下随压强的变化曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是( ) A温度:T1< T2 B平衡常数:K(a)=K(b) C反应速率:v(b)>v(a) D当30g·mol-1时,n(HF):n[(HF)2]=2:1 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 26 26.空气吹出法工艺,是目前“海水提溴”的最主要方法之一。其工艺流程如图所示,其中不正确的是( ) A步骤④⑤是为了富集溴 B步骤③说明溴具有挥发性 C步骤④的离子方程式为Br2+SO2+H2O2H++2Br-+SO32- D步骤⑧中溴蒸气冷凝后得到液溴与溴水的混合物可用分液漏斗分离 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 27 27.向溶液中分别通入足量的相应气体后,下列各组离子还能大量存在的是( ) A氯气:K+、Na+、SiO32-、NO3- B二氧化硫:Na+、NH4+、SO32-、C1- C硫化氢:H+、K+、MnO4-、SO42- D氨气:K+、Na+、AlO2-、CO32- 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 28 28.下列三个化学反应的平衡常数(K1、K2、K3)与温度的关系分别如下表所示: 则下列说法正确的是( ) A△H1<0,△H2>0 B反应①②③的反应热满足关系:△H2-△H1=△H3 C反应①②③的平衡常数满足关系:K1·K2=K3 D要使反应③在一定条件下建立的平衡向正反应方向移动,可采取升温措施 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 29 29.某兴趣小组探究SO2气体还原Fe3+,他们使用的药品和装置如下图所示,下列说法不合理的是( ) A能表明I-的还原性弱于SO2的现象是B中蓝色溶液退色 B装置C的作用是吸收SO2尾气,防止污染空气 C为了验证A中发生了氧化还原反应,加入用稀盐酸酸化的BaCl2溶液,产生白色沉淀 D为了验证A中发生了氧化还原反应,加入KMnO4溶液,紫红色退去 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 30 30.某磁黄铁矿的主要成分是FexS(S为﹣2价),既含有Fe2+又含有Fe3+.将一定量的该磁黄铁矿与100mL的盐酸恰好完全反应(注:矿石中其他成分不与盐酸反应),生成硫单质、FeCl2 和一定量H2S气体,且溶液中无Fe3+.则下列说法正确的是( ) A100mL的盐酸中HCl物质的量浓度为 B生成的H2S气体在标准状况下的体积为 C该磁黄铁矿中FexS的x= D该磁黄铁矿FexS中,Fe2+与Fe3+的物质的量之比为3:1 分值: 2分 查看题目解析 > 简答题(综合题) 本大题共50分。简答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。 31 利用下图装置,进行NH3与金属氧化物MxOy反应生成M、N2、H2O,通过测量生成水的质量来测定M的相对原子质量。a中试剂是浓氨水。 31.仪器a的名称为 ,仪器b中装入的试剂可以是 。 32.按气流方向正确的装置连接顺序为(填序号,装置可重复使用): 。 33.装置C的作用: 。 34.实验结束时,应首先 (填序号); 这样做的原因是 。 Ⅰ.熄灭A装置的酒精灯 Ⅱ.停止从a中滴加液体 35.若金属氧化物为CuO,反应的化学方程式为 。 36.若实验中准确称取金属氧化物的质量为m g,完全反应后,测得生成水的质量为n g,则M的相对原子质量为 (用含x、y、m、n的式子表示)。 37.某同学仔细分析上述装置后认为仍存在缺陷,你认为该如何改进? 。 分值: 12分 查看题目解析 > 32 五种固体物质A、B、C、D、E由下表中不同的阴阳离子组成,它们均易溶于水。 分别取它们的水溶液进行实验,结果如下: ①A溶液与C溶液混合后产生蓝色沉淀,向该沉淀中加入足量稀HNO3,沉淀部分溶解,剩余白色固体; ②B溶液与E溶液混合后产生红褐色沉淀,同时产生大量气体; ③少量C溶液与D溶液混合后产生白色沉淀,过量C溶液与D溶液混合后无现象; ④B溶液与D溶液混合后无现象; ⑤将 g Cu片投入装有足量D溶液的试管中,Cu片不溶解,再滴加 mol/L稀H2SO4,Cu逐渐溶解,管口附近有红棕色气体出现。 38.据此推断A的化学式为:A ; 39.写出步骤②中发生反应的离子方程式 。 溶液中滴入石蕊试液,现象是 ,原因是 (用离子方程式说明) 41.步骤⑤中若要将Cu片完全溶解,至少加入稀H2SO4的体积是 mL。 分值: 7分 查看题目解析 > 33 氮的化合物合成、应用及氮的固定一直是科学研究的热点。 42.以CO2与NH3为原料合成化肥尿素的主要反应如下: ①2NH3(g)+CO2(g)=NH2CO2NH4(s);ΔH=- kJ·mol-1 ②NH2CO2NH4(s)=CO(NH2)2(s)+H2O(g);ΔH=a kJ·mol-1 ③2NH3(g)+CO2(g)=CO(NH2)2(s)+H2O(g);ΔH=- kJ·mol-1 则a为 。 43.反应2NH3(g)+CO2(g)CO(NH2)2(s)+H2O(g) 在合成塔中进行。下图1中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三条曲线为合成塔中按不同氨碳比 [n(NH3)/n(CO2)]和水碳比[n(H2O)/n(CO2)]投料时二氧化碳转化率的情况。 ①曲线Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ水碳比的数值分别为( ) ~ B1~ ~②生产中氨碳比宜控制在左右,而不是的原因可能是 。 44.尿素可用于湿法烟气脱氮工艺,其反应原理为: NO+NO2+H2O=2HNO2 2HNO2+CO(NH2)2=2N2↑+CO2↑+3H2O。 ①当烟气中NO、NO2按上述反应中系数比时脱氮效果。若烟气中V(NO)∶V(NO2)=5∶1时,可通入一定量的空气,同温同压下,V(空气)∶V(NO)= (空气中氧气的体积含量大约为20%)。 ②图2是尿素含量对脱氮效率的影响,从经济因素上考虑,一般选择尿素浓度约为 %。 45.图3表示使用新型电极材料,以N2、H2为电极反应物,以HCl-NH4Cl为电解质溶液制造出既能提供能量,同时又能实现氮固定的新型燃料电池。请写出该电池的正极反应式 。生产中可分离出的物质A的化学式为 。 分值: 8分 查看题目解析 > 34 研究表明,在Cu/ZnO催化剂存在下,CO2和H2可发生两个平行反应,分别生成CH3OH和CO,反应的热化学方程式如下: CO2(g)+3H2(g)CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)△H1 反应Ⅰ CO2(g)+H2(g)CO(g)+H2O(g)△H2 =+•mol-1 反应Ⅱ 某实验室控制CO2和H2初始投料比为1:,在相同压强下,经过相同反应时间测得如下实验数据: [备注]:Cu/ZnO纳米棒;:Cu/ZnO纳米片;甲醇选择性:转化的CO2中生成甲醇的百分比 46.研究证实,CO2可在酸性水溶液中通过电解生成甲醇,则生成甲醇的电极反应式是________________________________。 47.从表中实验数据可以分析出,提高CO2转化成CH3OH的选择性的方法有______________。 48.能说明反应Ⅱ已经达到平衡状态的是 A混合气体的平均相对分子质量不变 B混合气体的密度不变 Cv(H2)正>v(CO)正 Dn(CO)/n(H2)不变 49.在恒容密闭容器中,由CO2和H2进行反应I合成甲醇,在其它条件不变的情况下,探究温度对化学平衡的影响,实验结果如图。 ①△H1_________0(填“>”、“<”或“=”) ②有利于提高CO2平衡转化率的措施有___________(填标号)。 A降低反应温度 B投料比不变,增加反应物的浓度 C增大CO2和H2的初始投料比 D混合气体中掺入一定量惰性气体(不参与反应) 50.在T1温度时,将和充入体积为的恒容密闭容器中,容器起始压强为P0,仅进行反应I。 充分反应达到平衡后,若CO2转化率为a,则容器内的压强与起始压强之比为________(用a表示)。 若经过3h反应达到平衡,平衡后,混合气体物质的量为,则该过程中H2的平均反应速率为____________(保留三位有效数字);平衡常数K可用反应体系中气体物质分压表示,即K表达式中用平衡分压代替平衡浓度,分压=总压×物质的量分数。则上述反应压力平衡常数KP为____________(用P0表示,并化简)。 分值: 12分 查看题目解析 > 35 工业上可以用废铁屑制备活性Fe3O4,流程如下图: 51.在制备过程中,不但要将块状固体原料粉碎、磨成粉末,作用是 52.在合成池里生成Fe3O4的离子方程式为 53.根据流程可知,配料中心很可能使混合物中的Fe2O3与Fe物质的量之比接近 54.某同学利用废铁屑(含Fe和Fe2O3)来制取FeCl3·6H2O晶体,同时测定混合物中铁的质量分数,装置如右图(夹持装置略,气密性已检验): 操作步骤如下: I.打开弹簧夹K1、关闭弹簧夹K2,并打开活塞a,缓慢滴加盐酸。 Ⅱ.当……时,关闭弹簧夹K1打开弹簧夹K2,当A中溶液完全进入烧杯后关闭活塞a。 Ⅲ.将烧杯中溶液蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶、过滤后得到FeC13·6H2O晶体。 请回答: ① 操作Ⅱ中“……”的内容是_ ___,烧杯中的现象是__ __,相应的方程式是_ ___、___ _。(是离子反应的写离子方程式) ②若混合物质量为m g,实验结束后测得B中所得的气体是V mL(标准状况时),该同学由此计算出此废铁屑中铁的质量分数是,该数值比实际数值偏低,若实验过程操作无误,偏低的原因是 。 35 第(1)小题正确答案及相关解析 正确答案 增大反应物之间的接触面积,增加反应速率,提高生产效率 解析 固体的表面积越大,反应速率越快,所以在工业生产中,将块状固体磨成粉末,并在反应池中安装搅拌机,目的是增加反应速率,故答案为:增大反应物之间的接触面积,增加反应速率,提高生产效率; 考查方向 化学反应速率的影响因素 解题思路 固体的表面积越大,反应速率越快; 易错点 本题比较简单。 35 第(2)小题正确答案及相关解析 正确答案解析 Fe2+与Fe3+在碱性条件下反应生成Fe3O4,反应的离子方程式为:Fe2++2Fe3++8OH﹣=Fe3O4↓+4H2O;故答案为:Fe2++2Fe3++8OH﹣=Fe3O4↓+4H2O; 考查方向 缺项离子方程式的书写 解题思路 Fe2+与Fe3+在碱性条件下反应生成Fe3O4; 易错点 方程式的配平,缺项物质的确定及产物的确定。 35 第(3)小题正确答案及相关解析 正确答案 4:1 解析 没有气体产生,说明铁刚好使三价铁转化为二价铁,由于在1molFe3O4中可以认为有二价的氧化亚铁和三价的三氧化铁各1mol, 设Fe为Xmol,Fe2O3为ymol,生成1molFe3O4,根据Fe+2Fe3+=3Fe2+则有: X+2Y=3;3X=1 解得X=;Y=,故Fe2O3与Fe物质的量之比为4:1; 故答案为:4:1; 考查方向 化学计算 解题思路 没有气体产生,说明铁刚好使三价铁转化为二价铁,由于在1molFe3O4中可以认为有二价的氧化亚铁和三价的三氧化铁各1mol,设Fe为Xmol,Fe2O3为ymol,生成1molFe3O4,根据Fe+2Fe3+=3Fe2+解题; 易错点 未考虑转化为Fe2+后与Fe3+的比值 35 第(4)小题正确答案及相关解析 正确答案 ① 当A中固体完全消失;无色溶液逐渐变黄,有气泡产生。 2Fe2++H2O2+2H+=2Fe3++2H2O ② Fe3+和Fe发生反应消耗部分Fe,使与盐酸反应的Fe相应减少 解析 ①当A中固体完全消失,铁完全和盐酸反应后,反应结束;当A中溶液完全进入烧杯,生成的氯化亚铁被氧化成黄色的氯化铁,生成的氯化铁作催化剂,使双氧水分解,反应的方程式为:2Fe2++H2O2+2H+=2Fe3++2H2O,2H2O2 2H2O+O2↑, 故答案是:当A中固体完全消失;无色溶液逐渐变黄,有气泡产生;2Fe2++H2O2+2H+=2Fe3++2H2O,2H2O2 2H2O+O2↑; ②由于废铁屑中含有氧化铁,和盐酸反应生成的三价铁离子能够和铁反应,导致铁减少,置换的氢气体积减少, 故答案是:Fe3+和Fe发生反应消耗部分Fe,使与盐酸反应的Fe相应减少. 考查方向 化学实验操作,实验内容的分析,实验结果的误差分析 解题思路 ①装置A中的铁完全消失,反应结束;打开弹簧夹K2,反应生成的氯化亚铁被双氧水氧化成氯化铁,同时有氧气放出;根据氯化亚铁被双氧水氧化、生成的氯化铁作催化剂使双氧水分解情况,写成反应方程式; ②“用m g含有铁锈(Fe2O3)的废铁屑来制取FeCl3•6H2O晶体”,氧化铁溶于盐酸,生成的三价铁离子能够消耗铁; 易错点 课本知识的迁移应用,牢固地掌握基础即可从中找到突破点理清思路
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