韩建忠001
传票---指记账凭证；出报--指根据账簿或电算化中编制报表；提现--指从银行存款中提取现金；计税--指核算中需申报的税金；登账--指分别登记账簿；轧账--指年终后将当年度的账做出跨年结转，当年的账不得修改了。交现--指将收入款存到银行。。。。。。。
贰格格的爹
Account 、Accounting
Account 有很多意思，常见的主要是“说明、解释;计算、帐单;银行帐户”。例如：
1、 He gave me a full account of his plan。
他把计划给我做了完整的说明。
2、 Charge it to my account。
把它记在我的帐上。
3、 Cashier：Good afternoon。Can I help you ？
银行出纳：下午好，能为您做什么？
Man ：I'd like to open a bank account 。
男人：我想开一个银行存款帐户。
还有 account title（帐户名称、会计科目）、income account（收益帐户）、account book（帐簿）等。
在 account 后面加上词缀 ing 就成为 accounting ，其意义也相应变为会计、会计学。例如：
1、Accounting is a process of recording， classifying，summarizing and interpreting of those business activities that can be expressed in monetary terms。
会计是一个以货币形式对经济活动进行记录、分类、汇总以及解释的过程。
2、It has been said that Accounting is the language of business。
据说会计是“商业语言”
3、Accounting is one of the fastest growing profession in the modern business world。
会计是当今经济社会中发展最快的职业之一。
4、Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting are two major specialized fields in Accounting。
财务会计和管理会计是会计的两个主要的专门领域。
其他还有 accounting profession（会计职业）、accounting elements（会计要素）等。
Accountant 比Account只多ant三个字母，其意思是会计师、会计人员。例如：
1、A certified public accountant or CPA， as the term is usually abbreviated， must pass a series of examinations， after which he or she receives a certificate。
注册会计师（或，注册会计师的缩写），必须通过一系列考试方可取得证书。
2、Private accountant ， also called executive or administrative accountant， handle the financial records of a business。
私人会计师，也叫做主管或行政会计师，负责处理公司的财务帐目。
总之，这三个词，有很深的渊源关系。
Assets、Liabilities
这三个词分别是资产、负债和所有者权益，是会计等式的三个要素。
Assets 这个词表示资产时一定要用复数形式，即词尾要有 “s”。如果不用复数形式，就成为“宝物，天赋、技能”的意思。例如：
1、 Assets are properties that are owned and have monetary values;for instance，cash，inventory，buildings，equipment。
资产是指企业所拥有的'、具有货币价值的财产，如现金、存货、建筑物、设备。
2、 Assets are the economic resources that are owned or controlled by a business and can be expressed in monetary units。
资产是由企业拥有或控制并能用货币计量的经济资源。
3、 Assets can be classified into current assets and non—current assets 。
资产可以划分为流动资产和非流动资产。
Liabilities 是liability 的复数形式。它的意思是法律上的责任、义务。如 liability for an accident （肇事的责任）;liability to pay taxes （纳税的义务）。只有其为复数形式 liabilities 时才表示负债、债务的意思。例如：
1、 Liabilities are the obligations or debt that a business must pay in money or services at some time in the future。
负债是指将来需用货币或服务偿还的债务或履行的义务。
2、 Liabilities are amounts owned to outsiders， such as notes payable， accounts payable， bonds payable。
负债是欠外部的数额，如应付票据、应付帐款、应付债券。
Owner's equity 是由 owner （所有者、业主）和equity （权益）构成为“业主权益”。例如：
1、 Owner's equity represents the owner's interest in or claim upon a business net assets which is the deference between the amount of assets and the amount of liabilities。
业主权益代表业主对企业净资产的权益或要求权，净资产是指企业的资产总额与负债之间的差额。
2、 Capital is the interest of the owners in an enterprise。 Also known as owner's equity。
资本是企业所有者的利益，也称为业主权益。
3、 Owner's equity include owner “s investment in a business and accumulated operating results since the beginning of the operation。
业主权益包括业主的投资以及企业自开业以来积累的经营成果。
上述会计要素相互之间的关系用一个简单的数学公式来表示，就是
Assets=Liabilities+Owner's equity
资产=负债+业主权益
Ledgers 和 Journals
Ledgers 在簿记上是分类帐的意思，可以和其他词汇搭配，构成许多会计词汇。如ledger accounts（分类帐户）、general ledger（总分类帐）、subsidiary ledger（明细分类帐）等。例如：
1、 Ledger accounts are used to record business transactions' effect on an accounting entity。
分类帐户被用来记录交易对会计主体的影响。
2、 A ledger account is simply a record of changes （increase and decrease）and balances in value of a specific accounting item。
分类帐户不过是特定会计项目价值的变动（增加与减少）和结余的记录。
3、 The general ledger is the book used to list all the accounts established by an organization。
总分类帐是一本列出一个单位所设立的全部帐户的帐本。
4、 Further simplification of the general ledger is brought about by the use of subsidiary ledger。
使用明细分类帐使总分类帐更加简化明了。
5、 The advantages of subsidiary ledger are as following：（1）reduces ledger detail ;（2）permits better division of labor;（3）permits a different sequence of accounts;（4）permits better internal control。
明细分类帐的优点如下;（1）减少分类帐的细节;（2）使劳动分工更合理;（3）允许不同的帐户排序（4）便于更好地内部控制。
Journal 比较常用的意思是“日记、日志;杂志、刊物”，如keep a journal （记日志）、a ship's journal （航海日志），a monthly journal （月刊），单词 diary 也有“日记”的意思，但journal 比 diary 更强调“正式记录”。Journal 在会计词汇上的意思是“日记帐”。例如：
1、 In a western accounting system ，the information about each business transaction is initially recorded in an accounting record called a Journal。
在西方会计体系中，有关每笔经济交易的资料最初是记在一本叫做“日记帐”的会计帐上。
2、 A journal is a chronological（arrange in order of time ） record of business transactions。
日记帐是对经济交易的序时（即按时间的顺序）记录。
3、 In a journal entry， the debits and credits for given transaction are recorded together， but when the transaction is recorded in the ledger， the debits and credits are entered in different accounts。
在日记帐上记帐时，既定交易的借方和贷方一起被记录，但在分类帐记录中，一笔交易的借方和贷方进入不同的帐户中。
4、 A journal may be a general journal or it may be a group of special journals。
日记帐可以是一本通用日记帐，也可以是一组特种日记帐。
yangguangsnow
流动资产： CURRENT ASSETS:货币资金 Cash结算备付金 Provision of settlement fund拆出资金 Funds lent交易性金融资产 Financial assets held for trading应收票据 Notes receivable应收账款 Accounts receivable预付款项 Advances to suppliers应收保费 Insurance premiums receivable应收分保账款 Cession premiums receivable应收分保合同准备金 Provision of cession receivable应收利息 Interests receivable其他应收款 Other receivable买入返售金融资产 Recoursable financial assets acquired存货 Inventories其中：原材料 Raw material库存商品 Stock goods一年内到期的非流动资产 Non-current assets maturing within one year其他流动资产 Other current assets流动资产合计 TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS非流动资产：NON-CURRENT ASSETS发放贷款及垫款 Loans and payments on behalf可供出售金融资产 Available-for-sale financial assets持有至到期投资 Held-to-maturity investments长期应收款 Long-term receivables长期股权投资 Long-term equity investments投资性房地产 Investment real estates固定资产原价 Fixed assets original cost减：累计折旧 Less:Accumulated depreciation固定资产净值 Fixed assets--net value减：固定资产减值准备 Less:Fixed assets impairment provision固定资产净额 Fixed assets--net book value在建工程 Construction in progress工程物资 Construction supplies固定资产清理 Fixed assets pending disposal生产性生物资产 Bearer biological assets油气资产 Oil and natural gas assets无形资产 Intangibel assets开发支出 Research and development costs商誉 Goodwill长期待摊费用 Long-term deferred expenses递延所得税资产 Deferred tax assets其他非流动资产 Other non-current assets其中：特准储备物资 Physical assets reserve specifically authorized非流动资产合计 TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS流动负债：CURRENT LIABILITIES:短期借款 Short-term borrowings向中央银行借款 Borrowings from central bank吸收存款及同业存放 Deposits from customers and interbank拆入资金 Deposit funds交易性金融负债 Financial assets held for liabilities应付票据 Notes payable应付账款 Accounts payable预收款项 Advances from customers卖出回购金融资产款 Funds from sales of financial assets with repurchasement agreement应付手续费及佣金 Handling charges and commissions payable应付职工薪酬 Employee benefits payable其中：应付工资 Including:Accrued payroll应付福利费 Welfare benefits payable其中：职工奖励及福利基金 Including:Staff and workers' bonus and selfare应交税费 Taxes and surcharges payable其中：应交税金 Including:Taxes payable应付利息 Interests payable其他应付款 Other payables应付分保账款 Cession insurance premiums payable保险合同准备金 Provision for insurance contracts代理买卖证券款 Funds received as agent of stock exchange代理承销证券款 Funds received as stock underwrite一年内到期的非流动负债 Non-current liabilities maturing within one year其他流动负债 Other current liablities流动负债合计 TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES:非流动负债：NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:长期借款 Long-term loans应付债券 Debentures payable长期应付款 Long-term payables专项应付款 Specific payable预计负债 Accrued liabilities递延所得税负债 Deferred tax liabilities其他非流动负债 Other non-current liablities其中：特准储备基金 Authorized reserve fund非流动负债合计 TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:负 债 合 计 TOTAL LIABILITIES所有者权益（或股东权益）： OWNERS'(OWNER'S)/SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY实收资本（股本） Registered capital国家资本 National capital集体资本 Collective capital法人资本 Legal person's capital其中：国有法人资本 Including:State-owned legal person's capital集体法人资本 Collective legal person"s capital个人资本 Personal capital外商资本 Foreign businessmen's capital减：已归还投资 Less:Returned investment实收资本（或股本）净额 Registered capital--net book value资本公积 Capital surplus减：库存股 Treasury stock专项储备 Special reserve盈余公积 Surplus reserve其中：法定公积金 Including:Statutory accumulation reserve任意公积金 Discretionary accumulation储备基金 Reserved funds企业发展基金 Enterprise expension funds利润归还投资 Profits capitalised on retum of investments一般风险准备 Provision for normal risks未分配利润 Undistributed profits外币报表折算差额 Exchange differences on translating foreign operations归属于母公司所有者权益合计 Total owners' equity belongs to parent company少数股东权益 Minority interest所有者权益合计 TOTAL OWNERS' EQUITY负债及所有者权益总计 TOTAL LIABILITIES & OWNERS' EQUITY一、营业总收入 OVERALL SALES其中：营业收入 Including:Sales from operations其中：主营业务收入 Including:sales of main operations其他业务收入 Income from other operations利息收入 Interest income已赚保费 Insurance premiums earned手续费及佣金收入 Handling charges and commissions income二、营业总成本 OVERALL COSTS其中：营业成本 Including: Cost of operations其中：主营业务成本 Including:Cost of main operations其他业务成本 cost of other operations利息支出 Interest expenses手续费及佣金支出 Handling charges and commissions expenses退保金 Refund of insurance premiums赔付支出净额 Net payments for insurance claims提取保险合同准备金净额 Net provision for insurance contracts保单红利支出 Commissions on insurance policies分保费用 Cession charges营业税金及附加 Sales tax and additions销售费用 Selling and distribution expenses管理费用 General and administrative expenses其中：业务招待费 business entertainment研究与开发费 research and development财务费用 Financial expenses其中：利息支出 Interest expense利息收入 Interest income汇兑净损失（净收益以“-”号填列） Gain or loss on foreign exchange transactions (less exchange gain)资产减值损失 Impairment loss on assets其他other加：公允价值变动收益（损失以“-”号填列） Plus: Gain or loss from changes in fair values(loss expressed with "-")投资收益（损失以“-”号填列）Investment income(loss expressed with "-")其中：对联营企业和合营企业的投资收益 Including: Investment income from joint ventures and affiliates(loss expressed with "-")汇兑收益（损失以“-”号填列） Gain or loss on foreign exchange transactions s(loss expressed with "-")三、营业利润（亏损以“－”号填列） PROFIT FROM OPERATIONS加：营业外收入 Plus: Non-operating profit其中：非流动资产处置利得 Gains from disposal of non-current assets非货币性资产交换利得 Gains from exchange of non-monetary assets政府补助 Government grant income债务重组利得 Gains from debt restructuring减：营业外支出 Less:Non-operating expenses其中：非流动资产处置损失 Including:Losses from disposal of non-current assets非货币性资产交换损失 Losses from exchange of non-monetary assets债务重组损失 Losses from debt restructuring四、利润总额（亏损总额以“－”号填列） PROFIT BEFORE TAX (LOSS EXPRESSED WITH "-")减：所得税费用 Less: Income tax expenses五、净利润（净亏损以“－”号填列） NET PROFIT (LOSS EXPRESSED WITH "-")归属于母公司所有者的净利润 Net profit belonging to parent company少数股东损益 Minority interest六、每股收益： EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS)基本每股收益 Basic EPS稀释每股收益 Diluted EPS七、其他综合收益 OTHER CONSOLIDATED INCOME八、综合收益总额 TOTAL CONSOLIDATED INCOME归属于母公司所有者的综合收益总额 Consolidated income belonging to parent company归属于少数股东的综合收益总额 Consolidated income belonging to Minority shareholders九、补充资料 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION营业总收入中：出口产品销售收入 Including overall sales:sales income of export products营业总成本中：出口产品销售成本 Including overall costs:sales cost of export products
优质会计资格证问答知识库
