land会计

中国会计科目的中英文对照 一、资产类 Assets 流动资产 Current assets 货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents 1001 现金 Cash 1002 银行存款 Cash in bank 1009 其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents '100901 外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank '100902 银行本票 Cashier's cheque '100903 银行汇票 Bank draft '100904 信用卡 Credit card '100905 信用证保证金 L/C Guarantee deposits '100906 存出投资款 Refundable deposits 1101 短期投资 Short-term investments '110101 股票 Short-term investments - stock '110102 债券 Short-term investments - corporate bonds '110103 基金 Short-term investments - corporate funds '110110 其他 Short-term investments - other 1102 短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款 Account receivable 1111 应收票据 Note receivable 银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 1121 应收股利 Dividend receivable 1122 应收利息 Interest receivable 1131 应收账款 Account receivable 1133 其他应收款 Other notes receivable 1141 坏账准备 Bad debt reserves 1151 预付账款 Advance money 1161 应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable 库存资产 Inventories 1201 物资采购 Supplies purchasing 1211 原材料 Raw materials 1221 包装物 Wrappage 1231 低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods 1232 材料成本差异 Materials cost variance 1241 自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods 1243 库存商品 Finished goods 1244 商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price 1251 委托加工物资 Work in process - outsourced 1261 委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis 1271 受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 1281 存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves 1291 分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages 1301 待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资 Long-term investment 1401 长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks '140101 股票投资 Investment on stocks '140102 其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks 1402 长期债权投资 Long-term investment on bonds '140201 债券投资 Investment on bonds '140202 其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds 1421 长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves 股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves 债权投资减值准备 Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves 1431 委托贷款 Entrust loans '143101 本金 Principal '143102 利息 Interest '143103 减值准备 Depreciation reserves 1501 固定资产 Fixed assets 房屋 Building 建筑物 Structure 机器设备 Machinery equipment 运输设备 Transportation facilities 工具器具 Instruments and implement 1502 累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation 1505 固定资产减值准备 Fixed assets depreciation reserves 房屋、建筑物减值准备 Building/structure depreciation reserves 机器设备减值准备 Machinery equipment depreciation reserves 1601 工程物资 Project goods and material '160101 专用材料 Special-purpose material '160102 专用设备 Special-purpose equipment '160103 预付大型设备款 Prepayments for equipment '160104 为生产准备的工具及器具 Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 1603 在建工程 Construction-in-process 安装工程 Erection works 在安装设备 Erecting equipment-in-process 技术改造工程 Technical innovation project 大修理工程 General overhaul project 1605 在建工程减值准备 Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 1701 固定资产清理 Liquidation of fixed assets 1801 无形资产 Intangible assets 专利权 Patents 非专利技术 Non-Patents 商标权 Trademarks, Trade names 著作权 Copyrights 土地使用权 Tenure 商誉 Goodwill 1805 无形资产减值准备 Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 专利权减值准备 Patent rights depreciation reserves 商标权减值准备 trademark rights depreciation reserves 1815 未确认融资费用 Unacknowledged financial charges 待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income 1901 长期待摊费用 Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses 1911 待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income '191101待处理流动资产损溢 Wait deal intangible assets loss or income '191102待处理固定资产损溢 Wait deal fixed assets loss or income 二、负债类 Liability 短期负债 Current liability 2101 短期借款 Short-term borrowing 2111 应付票据 Notes payable 银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 2121 应付账款 Account payable 2131 预收账款 Deposit received 2141 代销商品款 Proxy sale goods revenue 2151 应付工资 Accrued wages 2153 应付福利费 Accrued welfarism 2161 应付股利 Dividends payable 2171 应交税金 Tax payable '217101 应交增值税 value added tax payable '21710101 进项税额 Withholdings on VAT '21710102 已交税金 Paying tax '21710103 转出未交增值税 Unpaid VAT changeover '21710104 减免税款 Tax deduction '21710105 销项税额 Substituted money on VAT '21710106 出口退税 Tax reimbursement for export '21710107 进项税额转出 Changeover withnoldings on VAT '21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额 Export deduct domestic sales goods tax '21710109 转出多交增值税 Overpaid VAT changeover '21710110 未交增值税 Unpaid VAT '217102 应交营业税 Business tax payable '217103 应交消费税 Consumption tax payable '217104 应交资源税 Resources tax payable '217105 应交所得税 Income tax payable '217106 应交土地增值税 Increment tax on land value payable '217107 应交城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities payable '217108 应交房产税 Housing property tax payable '217109 应交土地使用税 Tenure tax payable '217110 应交车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable '217111 应交个人所得税 Personal income tax payable 2176 其他应交款 Other fund in conformity with paying 2181 其他应付款 Other payables 2191 预提费用 Drawing expense in advance 其他负债 Other liabilities 2201 待转资产价值 Pending changerover assets value 2211 预计负债 Anticipation liabilities 长期负债 Long-term Liabilities 2301 长期借款 Long-term loans 一年内到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due within one year 一年后到期的长期借款 Long-term loans due over one year 2311 应付债券 Bonds payable '231101 债券面值 Face value, Par value '231102 债券溢价 Premium on bonds '231103 债券折价 Discount on bonds '231104 应计利息 Accrued interest 2321 长期应付款 Long-term account payable 应付融资租赁款 Accrued financial lease outlay 一年内到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable due within one year 一年后到期的长期应付 Long-term account payable over one year 2331 专项应付款 Special payable 一年内到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable due within one year 一年后到期的专项应付 Long-term special payable over one year 2341 递延税款 Deferral taxes 三、所有者权益类 OWNERS' EQUITY 资本 Capita 3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock) 实收资本 Paicl-up capital 实收股本 Paid-up stock 3103 已归还投资 Investment Returned 公积 3111 资本公积 Capital reserve '311101 资本(或股本)溢价 Cpital(or Stock) premium '311102 接受捐赠非现金资产准备 Receive non-cash donate reserve '311103 股权投资准备 Stock right investment reserves '311105 拨款转入 Allocate sums changeover in '311106 外币资本折算差额 Foreign currency capital '311107 其他资本公积 Other capital reserve 3121 盈余公积 Surplus reserves '312101 法定盈余公积 Legal surplus '312102 任意盈余公积 Free surplus reserves '312103 法定公益金 Legal public welfare fund '312104 储备基金 Reserve fund '312105 企业发展基金 Enterprise expension fund '312106 利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment 利润 Profits 3131 本年利润 Current year profits 3141 利润分配 Profit distribution '314101 其他转入 Other chengeover in '314102 提取法定盈余公积 Withdrawal legal surplus '314103 提取法定公益金 Withdrawal legal public welfare funds '314104 提取储备基金 Withdrawal reserve fund '314105 提取企业发展基金 Withdrawal reserve for business expansion '314106 提取职工奖励及福利基金 Withdrawal staff and workers' bonus and welfare fund '314107 利润归还投资 Profits capitalizad on return of investment '314108 应付优先股股利 Preferred Stock dividends payable '314109 提取任意盈余公积 Withdrawal other common accumulation fund '314110 应付普通股股利 Common Stock dividends payable '314111 转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利 Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock) '314115 未分配利润 Undistributed profit 四、成本类 Cost 4101 生产成本 Cost of manufacture '410101 基本生产成本 Base cost of manufacture '410102 辅助生产成本 Auxiliary cost of manufacture 4105 制造费用 Manufacturing overhead 材料费 Materials 管理人员工资 Executive Salaries 奖金 Wages 退职金 Retirement allowance 补贴 Bonus 外保劳务费 Outsourcing fee 福利费 Employee benefits/welfare 会议费 Coferemce 加班餐费 Special duties 市内交通费 Business traveling 通讯费 Correspondence 电话费 Correspondence 水电取暖费 Water and Steam 税费 Taxes and dues 租赁费 Rent 管理费 Maintenance 车辆维护费 Vehicles maintenance 油料费 Vehicles maintenance 培训费 Education and training 接待费 Entertainment 图书、印刷费 Books and printing 运费 Transpotation 保险费 Insurance premium 支付手续费 Commission 杂费 Sundry charges 折旧费 Depreciation expense 机物料消耗 Article of consumption 劳动保护费 Labor protection fees 季节性停工损失 Loss on seasonality cessation 4107 劳务成本 Service costs 五、损益类 Profit and loss 收入 Income 业务收入 OPERATING INCOME 5101 主营业务收入 Prime operating revenue 产品销售收入 Sales revenue 服务收入 Service revenue 5102 其他业务收入 Other operating revenue 材料销售 Sales materials 代购代售 包装物出租 Wrappage lease 出让资产使用权收入 Remise right of assets revenue 返还所得税 Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入 Other revenue 5201 投资收益 Investment income 短期投资收益 Current investment income 长期投资收益 Long-term investment income 计提的委托贷款减值准备 Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 5203 补贴收入 Subsidize revenue 国家扶持补贴收入 Subsidize revenue from country 其他补贴收入 Other subsidize revenue 5301 营业外收入 NON-OPERATING INCOME 非货币性交易收益 Non-cash deal income 现金溢余 Cash overage 处置固定资产净收益 Net income on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产收益 Income on sales of intangible assets 固定资产盘盈 Fixed assets inventory profit 罚款净收入 Net amercement income 支出 Outlay 业务支出 Revenue charges 5401 主营业务成本 Operating costs 产品销售成本 Cost of goods sold 服务成本 Cost of service 5402 主营业务税金及附加 Tax and associate charge 营业税 Sales tax 消费税 Consumption tax 城市维护建设税 Tax for maintaining and building cities 资源税 Resources tax 土地增值税 Increment tax on land value 5405 其他业务支出 Other business expense 销售其他材料成本 Other cost of material sale 其他劳务成本 Other cost of service 其他业务税金及附加费 Other tax and associate charge 费用 Expenses 5501 营业费用 Operating expenses 代销手续费 Consignment commission charge 运杂费 Transpotation 保险费 Insurance premium 展览费 Exhibition fees 广告费 Advertising fees 5502 管理费用 Adminisstrative expenses 职工工资 Staff Salaries 修理费 Repair charge 低值易耗摊销 Article of consumption 办公费 Office allowance 差旅费 Travelling expense 工会经费 Labour union expenditure 研究与开发费 Research and development expense 福利费 Employee benefits/welfare 职工教育经费 Personnel education 待业保险费 Unemployment insurance 劳动保险费 Labour insurance 医疗保险费 Medical insurance 会议费 Coferemce 聘请中介机构费 Intermediary organs 咨询费 Consult fees 诉讼费 Legal cost 业务招待费 Business entertainment 技术转让费 Technology transfer fees 矿产资源补偿费 Mineral resources compensation fees 排污费 Pollution discharge fees 房产税 Housing property tax 车船使用税 Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税 Tenure tax 印花税 Stamp tax 5503 财务费用 Finance charge 利息支出 Interest exchange 汇兑损失 Foreign exchange loss 各项手续费 Charge for trouble 各项专门借款费用 Special-borrowing cost 5601 营业外支出 Nonbusiness expenditure 捐赠支出 Donation outlay 减值准备金 Depreciation reserves 非常损失 Extraordinary loss 处理固定资产净损失 Net loss on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产损失 Loss on sales of intangible assets 固定资产盘亏 Fixed assets inventory loss 债务重组损失 Loss on arrangement 罚款支出 Amercement outlay 5701 所得税 Income tax 以前年度损益调整 Prior year income adjustment

会计英语之固定资产

中国《企业会计准则第四号——固定资产》和国际会计准则IAS16——Property Plant and Equipment对固定资产的确认、初始计量的规定，并分析中国《企业会计准则第四号——固定资产》和国际会计准则IAS16对固定资产后续计量的处理差异。需要指出的是，投资性房地产的会计处理与一般性固定资产的会计处理存在一些差异。因此，本期分析的固定资产准则不包括投资性房地产在内。下面是我为大家带来的关于固定资产的会计英语，欢迎阅读。

1固定资产的含义和确认

(一)固定资产的含义

中国企业会计准则第4号《固定资产》中指出:"固定资产，是指同时具有下列特征的有形资产：

1.为生产商品、提供劳务、出租或经营管理而持有的;

2.使用寿命超过一个会计年度。使用寿命，是指企业使用固定资产的预计期间，或者该固定资产所能生产产品或提供劳务的数量”。

国际会计准则IAS 16(Property, Plant and Equipment)指出： Property, plant and equipment are tangible items that:

(a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or services,for rental to others, or for administrative purposes; and

(b) are expected to be used during more than one period.

Useful life is:

(a) the period over which an asset is expected to be available for use by an entity; or

(b) the number of production or similar units expected to be obtainedfrom the asset by an entity.

(二)固定资产的确认

中国企业会计准则第4号《固定资产》第四条要求：“固定资产同时满足下列条件的，才能予以确认：

1.与该固定资产有关的经济利益很可能流入企业;

2.该固定资产的成本能够可靠地计量。

国际会计准则IAS 16(Property, Plant and Equipment)对固定资产确认的表述如下：

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment shall be recognised as an asset if, and only if:

(a) it is probable that future economic benefits associated with theitem will flow to the entity; and

(b) the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

2固定资产的初始计量

中国企业会计准则第4号《固定资产》第三章的第七条要求：“固定资产应当按照成本进行初始计量”，第八条要求：“外购固定资产的成本，包括购买价款、相关税费、使固定资产达到预定可使用状态前所发生的可归属于该项资产的运输费、装卸费、安装费和专业人员服务费等”。第十三条要求：“确定固定资产成本时，应当考虑预计弃置费用因素”。

国际会计准则IAS 16(Property, Plant and Equipment)对固定资产初始计量的表述如下：

An item of property, plant and equipment that qualifies for recognition as an asset shall be measured at its cost.

The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises:

(a) its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates.

(b) any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

(c) the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located, the obligation for which an entity incurs either when the item is acquired or as a consequence of having used the item during a particular period for purposes other than to produce inventories during that period.

3固定资产的后续计量

我国会计准则和国际会计准则关于固定资产的后续计量存在差异。

(一)中国《固定资产》准则的规定

中国企业会计准则使用成本法进行固定资产后续计量。准则要求在对固定资产进行后续计量时，企业应当对所有固定资产计提折旧，并且定期进行资产减值测试。固定资产的账面价值应该为初始成本减去累计折旧以及累计减值损失。

《固定资产》准则未规定可以使用重估价值法(revaluation model)进行固定资产的后续计量。

(二)国际会计准则(IAS 16)的规定

1.成本法与重估价值法

在国际会计准则(IAS 16)中，固定资产(property, plant and equipment)的后续计量有两种方法：成本法(cost model)和重估价值法(revaluation model)。企业可以选择其中一种方法进行会计处理。但是，IAS16要求，一旦选定固定资产后续计量的方法，需要将此方法运用于“整组固定资产”。

“An entity shall choose either the cost model or the revaluation model as its accounting policy and shall apply that policy to an entire class of property, plant and equipment.”

对于成本法的表述，中国会计准则和国际会计准则是类似的。IAS16中对成本法的表述是：“Cost model——After recognition as an asset, an item of property, plant and equipment shall be carried at its cost less any accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.”

IAS16中对重估价值法的表述包括：

第一，在国际会计准则中，重估价值法要求如果某一固定资产的公允价值可以可靠计量，那么该固定资产应当以公允价值在财务报表中列示。在重估价值法下，固定资产的.列示价值应该为其在重新估计日的公允价值减去随后的累计折旧和累计减值损失。

"Revaluation model——After recognition as an asset, an item of property, plant and equipment whose fair value can be measured reliably shall be carried at a revalued amount, being its fair value at the date of the revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses."

第二，“重新估计”应该定期进行，以确保固定资产的账面价值不会和报告期期末的公允价值存在重大差异。

"Revaluations shall be made with sufficient regularity to ensure that the carrying amount does not differ materially from that which would be determined using fair value at the end of the reporting period."

第三，如果一项资产的账面价值因为重新估计而上升了，那么增加值应该计入其他综合收益，同时累计计入所有者权益。但是，如果是由于固定资产减值的转回产生的账面价值增加，此增加值应该计入损益。

If an asset’s carrying amount is increased as a result of a revaluation, the increase shall be recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation surplus.However, the increase shall be recognised in profit or loss to the extent that it reverses a revaluation decrease of the same asset previously recognised in profit or loss.

第四，如果一项资产的账面价值因为重新估计而下降了，那么减少值应该计入损益。但是，如果此前该资产有由于重估导致账面价值上升且将增加值计入了其他综合收益，同时增加所有者权益的情况，此次减少值应首先抵减此前的增加值，即抵减之前增加的其他综合收益，同时抵减之前增加的所有者权益。如果之前的增值部分不够抵减，再将差值计入损益。

If an asset’s carrying amount is decreased as a result of a revaluation, the decrease shall be recognised in profit or loss. However, the decrease shall be recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of any credit balance existing in the revaluation surplus in respect of that asset. The decrease recognised in other comprehensive income reduces the amount accumulated in equity under the heading of revaluation surplus.

2、整组固定资产

国际会计准则IAS16对何谓“整组固定资产”(An entire class of property, plant and equipment)进行了解释。整组固定资产指在经济实体的运营过程中有相似性质和用途的一组资产。

下面列举一些“整组固定资产”的分类的例子：

(1)土地;

(2)土地和建筑物;

(3)机械;

(4)船舶;

(5)航空器;

(6)机动车辆;

(7)家私及器具;

(8)办公设备;

(9)生产性植物

A class of property, plant and equipment is a grouping of assets of a similar nature and use in an entity’s operations.The following are examples of separate classes:

(a) land;(b) land and buildings;(c) machinery;(d) ships;(e) aircraft;(f) motor vehicles;(g) furniture and fixtures;(h) office equipment; and(i) bearer plants.”

在中国企业会计准则第四号《固定资产》中没有 “整组固定资产”这个概念。

(三)中国《固定资产》准则不使用重估价值法进行后续计量的原因

从IAS16可以看出，重估价值法以公允价值为基础，是公允价值计量属性的体现和具体运用。为提供有助于决策的会计信息，国际会计准则的制订和演变趋势越来越强调公允价值计量。公允价值是活跃市场上的交易价格，以公允价值计量固定资产价值其实更吻合资产的定义中“预期能在未来给企业带来经济利益”这一部分，可以更好地体现资产的本质。针对国际会计准则公允价值计量的相关研究表明，在会计信息环境好、投资者保护水平高的国家和地区，使用公允价值计量能够提高会计信息的决策相关性、透明度、可比性和可信度。

我国《固定资产》对固定资产后续计量的成本法仍是盯住历史成本，是历史成本计量属性的体现和具体运用。虽然我国的企业会计准则在不断与国际会计准则趋同的过程中，越来越多的引入公允价值计量属性，但是，在固定资产缺乏活跃交易市场的情况下，如果使用估值模型，主观判断的估值参数可能降低会计信息的可靠性、可比性。我国的会计信息环境、投资者保护的法律水平仍有待提高。因此，在与国际会计准则不断趋同的过程中，我国准则对投资性房地产引入公允价值计量(投资性房地产的公允价值计量模式也与国际会计准则存在一些差异)，但是，对除投资性房地产以外的固定资产的后续计量的属性仍持谨慎态度，目前只能使用成本法。