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Second, the accounting of derivative financial instruments disclosure Accounting disclosure is aimed at users statements timely and correct understanding of the financial position, operating results and cash flows of information relevant parties, in order to make the right prediction and decision-making. However, the existing financial reporting system does not fully meet the full disclosure of derivative financial instruments information needs related projects or游离于table, not to reflect the fair value or, where necessary, risk and other information can not be disclosed. Third, China's accounting of derivative financial instruments to the relevant recommendations Currently, the Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China have carried out Valet foreign exchange trading business, including the use of foreign exchange, interest rate derivatives for hedging hedging, the domestic large enterprises to hedge foreign exchange risk areas, also commissioned by the bank in On the international market for a number of derivative transactions. In accounting treatment, most banks is based on historical cost and form of a combination of disclosure: the realization of the People's Bank of China announced by the end of the unity of the RMB exchange rate conversion, not realizing some of the rights and obligations of the table is not generally recognized. At the same time the bank's accounting treatment are not uniform, the statements of the comparability of poor, and risk a serious shortage of information disclosure. In addition, China to a higher risk of major financial institutions derivative transactions after the implementation of the off-site supervision and also means a single comparison, mainly through the agencies submit audited financial statements and business tables and achieve a lower frequency, basically only Monthly, Quarterly and annual reports, and so on. Therefore, because of derivative financial instruments the risks arising from inadequate or ineffective measures. However, in a market economy, the risk is everywhere, ever, business performance is good or bad depends not only on the management personnel and workers of the effort level, but also on the prevention and the ability to avoid risks, market risks will be the time Flooded the operating results of enterprises and even forced the enterprises of bankruptcy. Of course, this one should also consider whether the co-ordination problems. In addition, in practical work, because of derivative financial instruments have a short time, but also complex in nature, involve financial, tax, legal, accounting and other fields, may not understand many of its employees, but the high-risk nature of the Employees raised higher and more all the requirements, if employees do not understand this deep, do not thoroughly understand, it might have caused immeasurable losses enterprises. Therefore, we must strengthen the training of employees in the business, so that they familiar with derivative financial transactions, understand the market and regulations, while focusing on professional ethics training to enable enterprises to minimize risk as much as possible and achieve maximum efficiency.

衍生金融会计培训

144 评论(12)

薛苏一世

分这么高,我得好好翻译才行啊Second, derivation financial instruments' accountant disclosed Accountant disclosed the goal, lies in the report form user promptly, to understand correctly enterprise's financial situation, the management performance and the cash flow parties concerned's information, is advantageous makes the correct forecast and the decision-making. But, the existing financial report system cannot satisfy the full disclosure derivation financial instruments information completely the need, the related project or the dissociation are unable outside the table to be able to reflect that or essential information and so on sound value, risk are unable to carry on the disclosure. three, our country develops derivation financial instruments accountant related to suggest that present, the Bank of China, the China ICBC has developed the broker foreign exchange business's service, including using the foreign exchange, the interest rate derivation tool carries on a set of time to take refuge from danger and so on, domestic big enterprise for aspect and so on circumvention foreign exchange risks, also entrusts the bank to carry on some derivation transaction in the international market. In accountant processes on, what the majority banks use is outside the historical costs and the table disclosed unifies method: Has realized the part at the end of the period the unified exchange rate conversion which announces according to the People's Bank of China is the Renminbi, has not realized the part rights and obligations not to confirm generally in the table. Simultaneously various banks' accountant processes is not unified, the report form commeasurability is bad, and risk information disclosure serious insufficient. Moreover, our country mainly implements the non-scene to the risk high financial organ derivation transaction to supervise afterward at present, and the method is also quite unitary, mainly through the verification organization sending financial reporting and the service statistical table realizes, and the frequency is low, basically only then monthly report, quarterly report and annual report and so on. Therefore, because brings is insufficient to the risk which the derivation financial instruments, or measure not strength. however , when the market economy, the risk is ubiquitous, does not have not, the enterprise operating results' quality is not only decided by the administrative personnels and staff's level of effort, moreover is decided by the guard and circumvention risk ability, the market risk can submerge enterprise's operating results every time even to force the business failure to go out of business. Certainly, must consider mutually the coordinated question. Moreover, in practical work, because the derivation financial instruments produce the time is short, moreover the nature is complex, involves to the finance, the tax revenue, the law, the finance and accounting and so on wide realm, the possible many jobholders to understand not really to it, but its noble character danger set the Gauguin entire request to the jobholders, if the jobholders understanding is not deep, understands airtight, will possibly cause the inestimable losses to the enterprise. Therefore, must strengthen jobholders' service theory training, causes them to know well the derivation finance transaction, understands the market laws and regulations, simultaneously takes the occupational ethics training, causes the business risk to fall as far as possible to lowly, and the benefit achieves in a big way.

98 评论(13)

德古拉之吻~

1,一级考试主要包含风险管理的基本概念,数量分析和全球金融市场的金融产品估值与分析。二级考试主要考查市场风险、信用风险、操作风险和全面风险管理的实务性的内容,侧重于对于风险的衡量与管理。同时增加了对当前金融市场热点问题的考察。

2,FRM考试始于1997年。截至2009年底,全球约有2万多名人员获得FRM头衔。FRM考试在中国北京、上海、广州、成都、武汉、香港和台湾设有考点,目尽之前中国(包括香港、台湾)已取得FRM证书的大约在1000人左右,属于极度稀缺的金融高级人才。

3,从某种意义上讲,金融学就是研究如何从时间和风险两个维度上对资产进行最优配置的一门学科。因此,"风险"作为金融领域的核心变量,有着举足轻重的地位。金融风险管理技术等到了前所未有的重视,FRM考试也因此迅速地发展,已经得到华尔街和众多欧美著名金融机构、大型公司风险管理部门以及各国政府监管层和金融监管部门的认同,成为全世界金融风险管理领域最权威的认证。

4,FRM考试实行分级考试,分为一级和二级(Part Ⅰ 和Part Ⅱ),对金融风险管理感兴趣的或正在从事相关工作的朋友,可以通过参加FRM考试提高自己的风险管理知识水平,又可为职场发展和事业开拓增加一个重磅筹码。

313 评论(13)

cathy101012

提高会计信息披露质量策略:1.重视对无形资产,人力资源和衍生金融工具信息的披露为提高财务报表的有用性,衍生金融工具会计信息的披露至少应包括以下四个方面:(1)衍生金融工具的性质、条件和会计政策;(2)利率风险;(3)信用风险,即一方违约,企业可能损失的最大金额;(4)公允价值。2.鼓励上市公司财务报告披露预测性信息建立预测性信息质量保证机制,可以考虑以下措施:(1)强化上市公司管理者的法律意识,明确提供虚假会计信息的法律责任;(2)若预测信息与实际有重大差异,要求上市公司作出说明,以促使上市公司综合考虑各方面的因素提高预测的准确性;(3)在相关法规中规定披露预测性信息必须经注册会计师审计;(4)规定注册会计师的免责条件。3.采用大规模按需报告模式采用大规模按需报告模式并不意味着全盘否定通用报告模式。使用者信息需求的多样化并不排除使用者一些共同的信息需求。另外,某些财务信息的需求至少在短期内是稳定的。因此通过与使用者沟通,公司可能在事先获得使用者一些信息需求。因此通用财务报告模式对使用者是有用的,并且具有可比性和经济性的优点。4.强化会计信息披露的监督与管理1)会计人员的职业判断能力是保证信息披露质量的重要条件,因此应当加强对会计人员的教育、培训及监督,减少由舞弊行为带来的信息失真;(2)加强会计法规、会计规范的建设,从源头上杜绝制度性失真,并建立一个统一的规范的会计信息披露监管体系;(3)企业内部要建立起适应现代企业制度要求的、能够保证会计信息可靠性的保障系统,从法人代表、内审人员到每一个会计人员都应担负起保证会计信息可靠性的责任

101 评论(12)

佳佳13817062298

FRM金融风险管理师(FinancialRiskManager,简称FRM)FRM是专业风险管理人员的一种国际职业资格。由全球风险管理协会(GARP)进行认证与考试。GARP是一个拥有来自超过195个国家5万多名会员的金融协会组织,主要由风险管理方面的专业人员、从业者和研究者组成。金融风险管理师(Financial Risk Manager);全球金融风险管理领域最权威的认证被国际职业人士所公认;受国家金融监管机构及金融机构的重视,对金融风险专业人员的需求日益壮大。FRM证书的含金量FRM认证体系得到欧美跨国企业、监管机构及全球金融中心华尔街的认可,成为许多跨国机构风险管理部门的从业要求之一,目前金融风险管理师的平均年薪已达35万元,通过FRM考证者被国内金融机构的认可度也越来越高。FRM考试是专门针对从事金融风险管理相关工作的人士,包括金融产品市场风险管理人员、信贷资产风险管理人员、外汇风险管理人员、价格风险管理人员、经营风险管理人员,法律、会计和税收风险管理人员。FRM认证根据这部分人的实际需求安排培训内容,传授数量分析、市场风险衡量与管理、信用风险衡量与管理、操作与整体风险管理、法律、会计与伦理等专业知识,度身定制金融风险管理专业人才。目前,金融市场和金融产品日益复杂、相互依赖性增强,只有那些能有效管理和控制风险的机构才能够取得成功。一句话总结!FRM证书是大学本科四年内可以考出来的性价比最高的金融证书FRM资格考试目的是使其头衔获得者具备独立风险管理和决策所必须的风险知识。一个组合投资经理竟不大懂简单的固定收益分析;一个数量分析人员对日元/美元汇率每日波动情况竟知道不多;一个财务人员竟不知晓美联储(FED)对衍生工具风险操作的基本要求。这些在业内竟成了司空见惯之事。因此,FRM考试设计是基于测试报考者是否具备基本分析技能、一般风险知识、资本市场上经验获得的直觉能力等知识和能力。尽管现在各个机构、组织习惯运用极其复杂的风险分析模型管理、控制、防范风险,但实际上,风险管理人员运用经验准则的技巧既可迅速评估和控制风险,测试、检验分析模型的假设和结果。FRM考试非常重视这些操作技巧。此外,FRM考试还测试不同金融市场和各种金融工具的风险,监管实践,信贷风险概念等。随着国内市场对熟悉国际惯例并具有专业资格的金融风险管理人才需求的急剧增长,将有越来越多的金融从业人员通过参加各种金融认证培训,获得证书,提升个人竞争力。FRM报考及通关课程在线咨询不过要获得证书并非易事,对国内FRM报名考生来说,存在着以下三大门槛,需要量力而行。门槛一:考试难度较大:考试科目全面,涵盖市场风险、信用风险、操作风险及公司治理等领域,而且涉及现代管理学、金融学、经济学、数量统计学等诸多学科,知识结构复杂,因此,考生需要经过严格的专业训练,否则,将难以理解复杂的数量关系和业务及产品的风险性质。门槛二:考试成本较高:知识范围广,教材和复习资料的阅读量约为1万页,考生在复习上投入的时间成本较大。门槛三:获取资格不易:FRM认证考试的报考条件较为宽松,对报考者的学历、行业没有限制,在校大学生也可报考。但要想获得由GARP颁发的专业资格证书却要翻越重重关卡。首先,必须通过高难度的FRM考试;然后,通过考试后的5年内获得在金融风险领域或其他相关领域2年以上工作经验,才有资格申请成为GARP会员;此外,还需要与GARP签订职业道德公约,才能真正入门,成为一名专业的金融风险管理师。金融业是高风险行业,存在着汇率风险、利率风险、会计风险、市场风险、信用风险等诸多的金融风险。我国金融市场的逐步开放和外资金融机构的快速进入,加大了我国金融机构的经营风险。因此,目前国内金融控股企业、证券公司、投资银行与商业银行、资产管理公司、期货商、保险公司、各大型企业集团的财会与稽核部门纷纷加强了金融风险控制。这也导致这些行业对金融风险管理专业人才的需求急剧增加,企业求贤若渴。但由于国内相关教育滞后,人才供给明显不足。训练有素、具有专业资格的金融风险管理人才凤毛麟角。人才紧缺导致薪酬上涨。据了解,目前金融风险管理师薪金丰厚。而参加专业培训,获得资质证书,是跻身这一热门人才之列的捷径。目前我国各大银行、外资银行均急需招聘持有此种证书的人才。年薪均在30—50万元以上。另外,除了银行需求,企业开出的薪水会更高。为了吸引人才,特意开出高薪资。同样是金融风险管理师,职级上去了,薪资自然上去,差个5、6倍也不算什么稀奇的事情。GARP协会给的官方FRM意义:(1)将成为全球风险管理的领导者(2)将会在一些应聘重要风险管理部门的工作中占有优势(3)FRM的专业认证将会把你和你的同行区分开来(4)在如今动荡的市场环境下学习风险管理知识会让你在公司里得到赏识(5)能给你以一种集个人成就、征服考试和成为全世界最好的风险管理人员的满足感(6)金融风险管理也可以作为你掌握重大战略学科知识的客观基准:市场风险、信用风险、业务风险、投资管理中的风险管理(7)可以让你加入一个拥有13,685位成为FRM的全世界金融管理精英小组(8)在世界范围内,提供扩大你的个人和专业水平的机会(9)为你建立能和世界领先风险管理专业人士交流的平台,从而能提高你的能力。FRM持证人的就业职位都在哪?FRM特许资格认证持有人通常就职于投资公司、互惠基金公司、证劵公司、投资银行等,或成为私人财富经理。在中国大陆拥有最多FRM持证人的雇主包括:普华永道、中国银行、中国工商银行、中国国际金融有限公司、汇丰银行、中国中信、法国巴黎银行、瑞银、德勤、安永会计师事务所、平安保险、国泰君安证劵。从FRM全球20大雇主来看,全部都是全球顶尖的金融机构,其中60%是全球范围内顶尖的银行。因此,不管是否有没有金融危机的存在,作为复杂的经济链中的一员,不管是被牵连还是自身发展上,都不希望出现意外。所以,作为金融的领域的核心,银行业对风险管理型人才的求贤若渴是FRM发展的首要原因。以工行为例:截至2008年7月,工行共有金融风险管理师(FRM)140名,占我国金融风险管理师总人数的10%以上,居同行业首位。其中,70% 以上直接从事风险管理工作,近7% 从事支行行长以上管理工作,直接推动了工行风险管理水平的提升。随着我国银行业全面对外开放,拥有大量的金融风险管理人才,在整个银行机构层面建立一种风险意识文化,对我国商业银行整体经营水平和竞争力的提高具有重要作用。目前,除了银行外,也有一些企业设立了风险管理部门,薪资约为万。据相关人士透露,包括银监会、国家开发银行、中国农业银行、工商银行、中国农业发展银行、中国银行等鼓励和动员分行参加GARP的风险管理培训的通知。中国银行业所有的从业人员都需要参加培训,哪怕是保卫部门。据不完全统计需要培训人员为300万,其中业务层面的为210万人。另外,中国已经从2010年开始逐渐实施新巴塞尔资本协议。全球风险协会总裁里奇安波斯特里克认为,银行的风险管理意识不仅要渗透到各个员工层级,更要精确完整地保留历年业务数据。这被认为是中国银行业实施新巴塞尔协议的关键一环。因此各银行对员工进行系统、持续的培训,是必然之举。据了解,尽管FRM资格目前仍不是上岗资格,但很多银行的鼓励政策是,考取FRM能加一级工资。

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